Table 2.

Summary of meta-analysis results and sample size calculations for fibrogenic and inflammatory markers in S. typhimurium ΔaroA:C57bl/6 and S. typhimurium SL1344:CBA/J mouse models.

S. typhimurium ΔaroA:C57bl/6					S. typhimurium SL1344:CBA/J
Metric	SMD	CI [95%]	p-Value	n	Metric	SMD	CI [95%]	p-Value	n
αSMA protein	2.13	0.85 -3.42	0.001	18	αSMA protein	3.36	2.15 - 4.57	< 0.001	3
					collagen protein	2.99	1.77 - 4.21	< 0.001	4
Fibrotic genes
COL1A1	0.55	0.001 - 1.10	0.049	69	COL1A1	0.87	0.18 - 1.55	0.013	17
TGFβ	0.42	-0.25 - 1.09	0.219	90	TGFβ	0.94	0.25 - 1.63	0.007	14
IGF-1	0.50	-0.17- 1.16	0.142	61	IGF-1	1.68	0.90 - 2.45	< 0.001	6
Inflammatory genes
TNFα	1.39	0.60 - 2.17	0.001	26	TNFα	1.85	0.95 - 2.76	< 0.001	3
IL-1β	1.34	0.69 - 1.99	< 0.001	16	IL-1β	1.41	0.57 - 2.24	0.001	4
IL-17	1.27	0.76 - 1.78	< 0.001	6	IL-17	1.09	0.29 - 1.88	0.007	12
IL12p40	1.15	0.33 - 1.96	0.006	12	IL12p40	1.61	0.73 - 2.49	< 0.001	3

SMD, standardised mean difference; CI, confidence interval; n, number of mice required per experimental group; αSMA, alpha smooth muscle actin; COL1A1, collagen type I alpha 1; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha; IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; IL-17, interleukin 17; IL-12p40, interleukin 12 subunit P40. Effect sizes were determined after Cohen as: small, SMD = 0.2; medium, SMD = 0.5; large, SMD = 0.8; and very large SMD = 1.3.²⁴