Expression of NTFs in the NSCs of tree shrews. Immunofluorescent staining of CNTF, TGF-β1, GDNF, NGF, BDNF and IGF is shown in the left of (A-F) (red), and cell nuclei were redyed by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue) in vitro (A-F, middle). The merged images show positive CNTF (B; right), GDNF (C; right) and IGF (D; right) expression, with a determined mean rate of 100%, BDNF (A, right) was 50%, NGF was 89.96% (E, right) and TGF-β1 was 96.67% (F, right). Scale bar, 50 μm. White arrows represented the positive cells. Cells from five fields in each well were collected, each detection in vitro was prepared for six plates (six-pore plate) of cells. NTF, neurotrophic factors; NSCs, neural stem cells; CNTF, ciliary NTF; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; GDNF, glial cell line-derived NTF; NGF, nerve growth factor; BDNF, brain-derived NTF; IGF, insulin-like growth factor.