Transplanted TS NSCs survived and differentiated into neurons and glia-like cells in vivo. (A) NSCs labeled with Hoechst (blue fluorescence, left) survived and migrated at day 16 post-injury in vivo. The control exhibited no positive reactivity (right). (B) Hoechst+ grafted NSCs (blue florescence, middle) differentiated into NeuN+ neurons (green florescence, left), and GFAP+ astrocytes (red, left) in the chronic groups, with merged images shown in the right panels. Scale bar, (A) 100 μm and (B and C) 50 μm. White arrows indicate the positive cells. The images were captured 1 cm below the lesion. (D) Representative bar graph for the rate of NeuN- and GFAP-positive cells. NSC, neural stem cell; TS, tree shrew; NeuN, neuron-specific nuclear protein; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein.