Table 2.
Inverse probability weighted longitudinal linear mixed effect models with adjusted factors associated with VACS Index score among HIV-infected male VACS participants (n=3,099).a
| β | 95% CI | p - value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 18.81 | 15.59, 22.04 | |
|
| |||
| Time varying characteristics | |||
| Substance-use category | <0.001 | ||
| No substance use | −0.61 | −1.39, 0.18 | 0.129 |
| Unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT-C ≥4) | 0.52 | −0.43, 1.47 | 0.281 |
| Any cannabis +/− alcohol | −0.97 | −1.93, 0.00 | 0.048 |
| Any stimulant +/− alcohol or cannabis | 1.08 | 0.16, 2.00 | 0.021 |
| Alcohol only <4 on AUDIT-C (reference) | ref | ||
|
| |||
| Smoking status | 0.005 | ||
| Current smoker | −0.80 | −1.94, 0.35 | 0.172 |
| Former smoker | 0.67 | −0.41, 1.75 | 0.225 |
| Never smoker (reference) | ref | ||
|
| |||
| Any illicit opioid use in past year (yes vs. no) | 0.19 | −0.55, 0.94 | 0.612 |
|
| |||
| IDU ever (at baseline, updated through follow-up) | 3.96 | 2.50, 5.41 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Time invariant or baseline characteristics | |||
| MSM statusb | <0.001 | ||
| Current MSM | −4.03 | −5.96, −2.10 | <0.001 |
| No sexual activity in past twelve months | 4.87 | 3.08, 6.66 | <0.001 |
| Heterosexual (reference) | ref | ||
|
| |||
| Non-white race/ethnicity vs. white race/ethnicity | 3. 90 | 2.04, 5.75 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| High school education/less than high school vs. some college or greater | 0.81 | −0.71, 2.33 | 0.296 |
|
| |||
| Marital status at baseline | <0.001 | ||
| Married/living with partner | 1.88 | −0.10, 3.86 | 0.063 |
| Divorced, separated, or widowed | 4.31 | 2.64, 5.98 | <0.001 |
| Never married (reference) | ref | ||
|
| |||
| Unemployed/retired/other vs. employed at baseline | 6.75 | 5.04, 8.45 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Annual income at baseline | 0.006 | ||
| <$6000 | 1.68 | −0.76, 4.12 | 0.176 |
| $6000–$11,999 | 3.63 | 1.45, 5.80 | 0.001 |
| $12,000–24,999 | 2.66 | 0.55, 4.77 | 0.014 |
| ≥$25,000 (reference) | ref | ||
Abbreviations: VACS= Veterans Aging Cohort Study; CL=Confidence Limits; MSM=men who have sex with men; IDU=intravenous drug user; AUDIT= Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption questionnaire; Ref=Reference value.
a
Adjusted for year of recruitment.
b
Respondents were categorized at baseline as current MSM (at least one male sexual partner in the past twelve months), heterosexual (only female sexual partners in past twelve months) or not sexually active (no sexual partners in past twelve months).