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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2016 Sep 26;68(5):1123–1131. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08046

Table 4.

Association of birth weight relative weight gain and linear growth in infancy and mid-childhood, and DBP trajectory groups between 5 and 18 years (OR, 95%CI, p value)*

A. BOYS Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Middle vs Lower trajectory group OR 95%CI P value OR 95%CI P value OR 95%CI P value OR 95%CI P value
Birth weight(z score) 0.97 0.72–1.33 0.8688 0.99 0.71–1.38 0.9371 0.82 0.64–1.06 0.1359 0.83 0.63–1.10 0.2019
Relative weight gain in infancy 1.73 1.23–2.42 0.0015 1.76 1.22–2.56 0.0028 1.37 1.04–1.8 0.0251 1.43 1.06–1.95 0.0214
Relative weight gain in mid-childhood 1.37 1.01–1.85 0.0447 1.44 1.03–2.01 0.0351 1.22 0.96–1.56 0.1029 1.26 0.96–1.64 0.0926
Relative linear growth in infancy 1.02 0.71–1.46 0.9100 1.13 0.76–1.67 0.5598 0.72 0.55–0.94 0.0171 0.78 0.58–1.05 0.1001
Relative linear growth in mid-childhood 1.51 1.06–2.15 0.0228 1.68 1.19–2.38 0.0034 0.97 0.75–1.24 0.8032 1.14 0.86–1.52 0.3633
Upper vs Lower trajectory group
Birth weight(z score) 0.93 0.65–1.34 0.7133 0.93 0.63–1.36 0.7017 0.81 0.46–1.42 0.4609 0.68 0.45–1.03 0.0658
Relative weight gain in infancy 1.57 0.98–2.52 0.0614 1.77 1.16–2.72 0.0087 1.03 0.55–1.90 0.9359 1.38 0.89–2.15 0.1519
Relative weight gain in mid-childhood 1.12 0.72–1.72 0.6190 1.40 0.94–2.08 0.0976 0.93 0.56–1.54 0.7739 1.37 0.88–2.13 0.1627
Relative linear growth in infancy 1.21 0.81–1.81 0.3535 1.17 0.76–1.78 0.4787 0.75 0.36–1.56 0.4392 0.47 0.29–0.76 0.0021
Relative linear growth in mid-childhood 1.75 1.20–2.54 0.0036 1.83 1.23–2.71 0.0028 1.05 0.63–1.76 0.8473 0.80 0.53–1.21 0.2848
B.GIRLS
Middle vs Lower trajectory group
Birth weight(z score) 1.07 0.86–1.35 0.5310 1.02 0.80–1.30 0.8553 1.03 0.82–1.30 0.7790 0.99 0.78–1.26 0.9339
Relative weight gain in infancy 1.36 1.07–1.73 0.0108 1.27 0.99–1.63 0.0611 1.31 1.03–1.67 0.0265 1.27 0.98–1.63 0.0677
Relative weight gain in mid-childhood 1.23 1.00–1.51 0.0511 1.30 1.04–1.63 0.0234 1.20 0.97–1.47 0.0956 1.28 1.02–1.61 0.0317
Relative linear growth in infancy 1.27 1.01–1.59 0.0392 1.24 0.97–1.58 0.0809 1.15 0.89–1.47 0.2858 1.08 0.83–1.42 0.5544
Relative linear growth in mid-childhood 1.28 1.03–1.58 0.0234 1.27 1.00–1.60 0.0460 1.18 0.94–1.48 0.1502 1.17 0.91–1.49 0.2205
Upper vs Lower trajectory group
Birth weight(z score) 1.16 0.44–3.06 0.7615 1.47 0.73–2.97 0.2830 1.46 0.72–2.95 0.2944 1.44 0.68–3.03 0.3379
Relative weight gain in infancy 4.25 1.51–11.94 0.0061 2.90 1.36–6.18 0.0057 2.65 1.25–5.58 0.0106 2.53 1.14–5.57 0.0219
Relative weight gain in mid-childhood 1.08 0.47–2.48 0.8640 1.58 0.81–3.10 0.1835 1.47 0.77–2.82 0.2468 1.52 0.80–2.90 0.2047
Relative linear growth in infancy 0.88 0.37–2.14 0.7856 1.07 0.55–2.10 0.8396 0.88 0.44–1.74 0.7039 1.00 0.49–2.02 0.9942
Relative linear growth in mid-childhood 2.20 0.90–5.36 0.0840 1.56 0.80–3.04 0.1950 1.52 0.80–2.90 0.1996 1.48 0.74–2.96 0.2715
*

Multinomial logistic regression models showing the odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p values of the association between growth and BP trajectories:

†

Model 1: Multinomial logistic regression of growth variables and DBP trajectory classes adjusted for gestational age (time-invariant covariate).

Model 2: Multinomial logistic regression of growth variables and DBP trajectory classes adjusted for gestational age, parity, SES in infancy, maternal age (time-invariant covariates).

Model 3: Multinomial logistic regression of growth variables and DBP trajectory classes with height as time-varying covariate and gestational age as a time-invariant covariate.

Model 4: Multinomial logistic regression of growth variables and DBP trajectory classes with height as time varying covariate and gestational age, parity, SES in infancy and maternal age as a time-invariant covariates.