Table 3.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption by males and fecundability.
| Beverage (servings/week) | No. of pregnancies | No. of cycles | Unadjusted FR (95% CI) | Adjusteda FR (95% CI) | Adjustedb FR (95% CI) | Adjustedc FR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sugar-sweetened beverages (total) | ||||||
| 0 | 226 | 1243 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | -- | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 1 | 90 | 516 | 0.99 (0.80, 1.2) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.2) | -- | 0.97 (0.77, 1.2) |
| 2–6 | 222 | 1463 | 0.87 (0.74, 1.0) | 0.85 (0.72, 1.0) | -- | 0.87 (0.73, 1.0) |
| ≥7 | 134 | 1075 | 0.76 (0.63, 0.93) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.96) | -- | 0.83 (0.67, 1.0) |
| Sugar-sweetened sodas | ||||||
| 0 | 375 | 2115 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 1 | 115 | 652 | 1.0 (0.85, 1.2) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.2) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.2) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.2) |
| 2–6 | 125 | 988 | 0.77 (0.64, 0.93) | 0.76 (0.63, 0.93) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.92) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.96) |
| ≥7 | 57 | 542 | 0.66 (0.51, 0.86) | 0.67 (0.51, 0.89) | 0.67 (0.50, 0.89) | 0.72 (0.54, 0.96) |
| Diet sodas | ||||||
| 0 | 473 | 3048 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 1 | 61 | 344 | 1.2 (0.90, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.87, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.83, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.82, 1.4) |
| 2–6 | 91 | 583 | 0.99 (0.81, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.82, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.80, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.79, 1.3) |
| ≥7 | 47 | 322 | 0.93 (0.71, 1.2) | 0.96 (0.72, 1.3) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.2) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.3) |
| Sugar-sweetened energy drinks | ||||||
| 0 | 565 | 3515 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 1 | 53 | 349 | 0.94 (0.73, 1.2) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.2) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.2) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.3) |
| 2–6 | 47 | 307 | 0.95 (0.72, 1.3) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.3) | 0.97 (0.72, 1.3) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.4) |
| ≥7 | 7 | 126 | 0.42 (0.21, 0.87) | 0.42 (0.20, 0.90) | 0.44 (0.21, 0.94) | 0.44 (0.20, 0.93) |
| Fruit juices | ||||||
| 0 | 472 | 3072 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 1 | 47 | 296 | 0.97 (0.74, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.78, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.81, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.82, 1.5) |
| 2–6 | 125 | 758 | 1.0 (0.87, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.86, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.89, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.88, 1.3) |
| ≥7 | 28 | 171 | 1.2 (0.82, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.86, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.87, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.85, 1.8) |
| Sports drinks | ||||||
| 0 | 557 | 3509 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 1 | 50 | 333 | 0.93 (0.71, 1.2) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.2) | 0.92 (0.70, 1.2) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.2) |
| 2–6 | 57 | 405 | 0.90 (0.70, 1.2) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.2) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.77, 1.3) |
| ≥7 | 8 | 50 | 1.2 (0.61, 2.1) | 1.20 (0.64, 2.3) | 1.3 (0.71, 2.5) | 1.5 (0.78, 2.8) |
a
Adjusted for male age, education, smoking, BMI, race/ethnicity, alcohol intake, caffeine intake, PSS-10 score, physical activity, and female age, body mass index, total household income, intercourse frequency, and use of methods to improve chances of conception.
b
Additionally adjusted for daily servings of diet soda (for sugar-sweetened soda model) or daily servings of sugar-sweetened soda (all other models).
c
Additionally adjusted for female beverage intake.
BMI=body mass index
PSS=Perceived Stress Score