Table 3.
Characteristic | 1993 | 1994 | 1998 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Education | |||||||||
Less than 9th grade | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Some high school | 0.82 (0.57, 1.17) |
0.82 (0.55, 1.22) |
0.77 (0.49, 1.23) |
0.38 (0.25, 0.58) |
0.44 (0.29, 0.66) |
0.46 (0.30, 0.70) |
0.36 (0.24, 0.53) |
0.37 (0.24, 0.58) |
|
High school graduate |
0.83 (0.38, 0.72) |
0.56 (0.38, 0.80) |
0.63 (0.43, 0.93) |
0.29 (0.20, 0.42) |
0.42 (0.28, 0.66) |
0.27 (0.18, 0.41) |
0.28 (0.20, 0.41) |
0.29 (0.20, 0.42) |
|
Some college/Tech school |
0.35 (0.24, 0.50) |
0.41 (0.28, 0.60) |
0.42 (0.27, 0.64) |
0.27 (0.17, 0.42) |
0.32 (0.21, 0.48) |
0.23 (0.15, 0.35) |
0.23 (0.16, 0.35) |
0.21 (0.14, 0.31) |
|
College graduate |
0.25 (0.17, 0.36) |
0.41 (0.27, 0.62) |
0.35 (0.23, 0.54) |
0.31 (0.19, 0.49) |
0.30 (0.18, 0.46) |
0.18 (0.11, 0.29) |
0.24 (0.15, 0.38) |
0.28 (0.17, 0.44) |
|
Race | |||||||||
White | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Black |
2.27 (1.86, 2.78) |
2.31 (1.82, 2.93) |
2.42 (1.73, 3.38) |
1.86 (1.45, 2.40) |
2.46 (1.91, 3.17) |
2.74 (2.11, 3.56) |
2.01 (1.54, 2.62) |
2.64 (1.95, 3.60) |
|
Asian/Pacific Islander |
4.64 (3.33, 6.47) |
3.86 (2.64, 5.65) |
6.62 (4.18, 10.47) |
4.08 (2.48, 6.69) |
5.69 (3.80, 8.52) |
7.62 (4.75, 12.2) |
6.92 (4.32, 11.1) |
5.55 (3.61, 8.53) |
|
Amer. Indian/Alaska Native |
2.06 (1.25, 3.41) |
1.72 (0.93, 3.16) |
1.32 (0.54, 3.21) |
1.19 (0.63, 2.25) |
3.77 (1.80, 7.87) |
1.61 (0.80, 3.26) |
1.32 (0.69, 2.53) |
1.62 (0.91, 2.86) |
|
Other |
1.77 (1.15,2.72) |
1.47 (0.87, 248) |
2.57 (1.58, 4.20) |
2.82 (1.78, 4.47) |
1.61 (0.97, 2.69) |
1.71 (1.10, 2.68) |
1.73 (1.17, 2.57) |
2.27 (1.47, 3.49) |
|
Ethnicity | |||||||||
Non-Hispanic | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Hispanic |
1.88 (1.29, 2.74) |
1.25 (0.81, 1.91) |
2.24 (1.55, 3.23) |
1.32 (0.92, 1.90) |
1.70 (1.16, 2.50) |
1.66 (1.19, 2.32) |
1.40 (1.03, 1.88) |
1.22 (085, 1.75) |
|
Income | |||||||||
<10,000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
$10,000–$14,999 | 1.00 (0.76, 1.32) |
0.81 (0.58, 1.13) |
0.99 (0.59, 1.64) |
0.71 (0.46, 1.09) |
0.86 (0.53, 1.38) |
0.71 (0.42, 1.19) |
0.93 (0.60, 1.45) |
0.78 (0.48, 1.26) |
|
$15,000–$19,999 | 0.77 (0.57, 1.02) |
1.01 (0.70, 1.47) |
1.01 (0.64, 1.60) |
0.72 (0.47, 1.09) |
0.66 (0.42, 1.02) |
0.69 (0.46, 1.03) |
0.85 (0.54, 1.31) |
0 74 (0.46, 1.18) |
|
$20,000–$24,999 |
0.70 (0.52, 0.94) |
0.72 (0.51, 1.01) |
0.99 (0.62, 1.58) |
0.59 (0.39, 0.90) |
0.77 (0.52, 1.16) |
0.58 (0.37, 0.92) |
0.81 (0.51, 1.26) |
0.67 (0.43, 1.03) |
|
$25,000–$34,999 | 0.83 (0.61, 1.13) |
0.81 (0.59, 1.12) |
0.69 (0.43, 1.12) |
0.59 (0.38, 0.92) |
0.77 (0.51, 1.15) |
0.62 (0.41, 0.94) |
0.55 (0.35, 0.85) |
0.50 (0.34, 0.74) |
|
$35,000–$49,000 |
0.71 (0.53, 0.95) |
0.55 (0.39, 0.79) |
0.75 (0.47, 1.20) |
0.40 (0.26, 0.62) |
0.44 (0.29, 0.67) |
0.41 (0.25, 0.65) |
0.43 (0.27, 0.70) |
0.50 (0.33, 0.77) |
|
$50,000–$74,999 | 0.85 (0.63, 1.15) |
0.76 (0.52, 1.11) |
0.56 (0.31, 1.02) |
0.37 (0.22, 0.62) |
0.36 (0.22, 0.62) |
0.25 (0.15, 0.42) |
0.38 (0.23, 0.64) |
0.34 (0.22, 0.53) |
|
$74,000 or more | N/A |
0.47 (0.28, 0.80) |
1.15 (0.60, 2.20) |
0.27 (0.16, 0.45) |
0.33 (0.20, 0.55) |
0.26 (0.15, 0.45) |
0.26 (0.15, 0.44) |
0.28 (0.17, 0.45) |
|
Insurance | |||||||||
No insurance | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Insurance | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) |
0.91 (0.70, 1.18) |
1.01 (0.73, 1.39) |
0.97 (0.71, 1.32) |
0.79 (0.60, 1.04) |
1.09 (0.80, 1.48) |
0.78 (0.59, 1.04) |
0.91 (0.67, 1.22) |
|
Age | |||||||||
18–24 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
25–29 | 0.79 (0.56, 1.10) |
1.34 (0.86, 2.08) |
1.67 (1.00, 2.79) |
0.97 (0.58, 1.61) |
2.11 (1.28, 3.52) |
1.24 (0.73, 212) |
0.91 (0.57, 1.45) |
1.19 (0.80, 1.77) |
|
30–34 | 0.86 (0.61, 1.20) |
1.19 (0.79, 1.80) |
1.13 (0.67, 1.92) |
1.43 (0.90, 2.27) |
2.29 (1.43, 3.67) |
1.38 (0.84, 225) |
1.05 (0.66, 1.69) |
1.13 (0.73, 1.76) |
|
35–39 | 1.06 (0.77, 1.47) |
1.49 (1.00, 2.22) |
1.69 (1.02, 2.79) |
1.26 (0.79, 1.98) |
2.77 (1.75, 4.39) |
1.66 (1.01, 2.72) |
1.16 (0.74, 1.81) |
1.00 (0.66, 1.51) |
|
40–44 | 1.19 (0.83, 1.70) |
1.42 (0.94, 2.15) |
1.55 (0.94, 2.58) |
1.96 (1.26, 3.06) |
2.35 (1.47, 3.73) |
2.06 (1.24, 3.43) |
1.75 (1.09, 2.82) |
1.46 (0.91, 234) |
|
45–49 | 1.36 (0.96, 1,93) |
1.89 (1.24, 2.88) |
1.78 (1.06, 2.99) |
2.02 (1.27, 3.22) |
3.39 (213, 5.41) |
2.16 (1.28, 3.62) |
1.86 (1.14, 3.02) |
1.19 (0.74, 1.91) |
|
50–54 | 1.24 (0.88, 1.73) |
2.56 (1.66, 3.94) |
2.16 (1.28, 3.63) |
1.83 (1.14, 2.94) |
3.31 (2.07, 5.27) |
2.46 (1.49, 4.07) |
1.40 (0.85, 2.30) |
1.34 (0.89, 2.03) |
|
55–59 |
1.92 (1.35, 2.72) |
1.98 (1.31, 2.98) |
2.76 (1.66, 4.60) |
1.97 (1.22, 3.15) |
3.74 (2.31, 6.06) |
2.39 (1.42, 4.01) |
1.33 (0.82, 2.15) |
1.87 (1.14, 3.05) |
|
60–64 | 1.39 (0.99, 1.96) |
2.65 (1.75, 4.03) |
2.08 (1.21, 3.56) |
1.89 (1.15, 3.12) |
4.36 (2.72, 6.98) |
1.82 (1.01, 3.29) |
1.95 (1.15, 3.29) |
1.62 (1.03, 2.54) |
|
Sex | |||||||||
Male | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Female | 1.15 (0.97, 1.36) |
0.99 (0.82, 1.19) |
0.79 (0.63, 0.98) |
1.04 (0.85, 1.29) |
1.04 (0.84, 1.29) |
0.70 (0.56, 0.88) |
0.89 (0.72, 1.11) |
0.76 (0.61, 0.95) |
Note. Odds ratios in bold are significant, p < .05.