Table 2.

Antioxidant nanocarriers and drug delivery applications

Antioxidant	Payload/ drug delivery system	Application
Resveratrol	Targeted solid lipid nanoparticles with Apolipoprotein E, 150–200 nm	In vitro: controlled release, higher permeability across blood brain barrier, hCMEC/D3 cells [227]
Curcumin	Curcusomes (curcumin liposomal nanoparticles)	In vivo: improved peripheral insulin resistance in genetically obese and high fat diet obese mice [228]
	Hepatocyte-targeted galactosylated chitosan-polycaprolactone curcumin nanoparticles	In vitro: 6-fold increase in apoptosis and necrosis of cancerous HepG2 cells as compared to curcumin [229]
	Curcumin loaded nanoparticle hydrogels, 140 nm	In vivo: Aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage in rats [230]
	Poly(beta-amino ester) nanogels (50–400 nm)	In vitro: inhibition of hydrogen peroxide induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in endothelial cells [211]
	Curcumin Liposomes	Phase I clinical trial: Intravenous delivery safe up to 120mg/m2 in healthy subjects [231]
		Phase 1 clinical trial: intravenous infusion in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer to analyze the dose safety, on-going [232]
(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG)	EGCG-folic acid0PEG nanoparticles, 140 – 180 nm	In vitro: inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation [233]
	Bioactive peptide/chitosan-EGCG encapsulated nanoparticle for oral delivery, 150nm	In vitro: increased permeability in Caco-2 cells for Nano chemoprevention via oral route [234]
Quercetin	Hyaluronic acid-quercetin complexed micelles	In vitro: increased cytotoxicity inMCF-7 cell in vivo: inhibition of tumor growth in H22 tumor-bearing mice [235]
	PEGylated Poly (beta amino ester) nanogels (250–600 nm)	In vitro: decreased hydrogen peroxide induced toxicity in HUVECs cells [210]
N-acetyl cysteine	Pro-drug polymeric nanoparticles conjugated through disulfide bond	Inhibition of activation of microglia stimulated by lipopolysaccharide [236]