Table 2.
Group characteristics and biochemical parameters.
| C | CS | CSU | W | WS | WSU | WU | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BW, baseline (g) | 22.1 (1.6) | 21.7 (0.9) | 22.7 (1.1) | 21.8 (1.2) | 21.5 (1.6) | 21.1 (1.1) | 22.1 (1.3) |
| BW, endpoint (g) | 30.2 (1.8) | 25.2 (2.2)a | 21.1 (1.9)b | 31.6 (2.3) | 27.8 (2.1)e | 26.7 (1.7)a,e | 32.2 (4.3) |
| Food intake (g/day) | 3.1 (0.17)NT | 3.8 (0.5)NT | 3.6 (0.4)NT | 3.6 (0.3)NT | 4.0 (0.4)NT | 3.4 (0.4)NT | 3.5 (0.5)NT |
| Caloric intake (kcal/day) | 10.8 (0.7)NT | 13.2 (1.8)NT | 12.6 (1.5)NT | 15.8 (1.4)NT | 17.9 (2.0)NT | 15.1 (1.7)NT | 15.9 (2.3)NT |
| Water intake (g/day) | 3.9 (1.3)NT | 19.3 (3.5)NT | 22.9 (2.3)NT | 4.7 (1.5)NT | 8.4 (4.5)NT | 5.4 (1.3)NT | 1.6 (0.9)NT |
| Urinary volume (ml/day) | 1.1 (0.4) | 11.0 (12.0) | 27.3 (6.0)c | 0.5 (0.3) | 1.2 (1.3) | 3.6 (2.9)a | 1.0 (0.7) |
| Plasma creatinine (uM) | 10.3 (3.4) | 10.4 (2.0) | 11.0 (3.5) | 7.9 (2.5) | 8.1 (3.4) | 10.6 (1.9) | 10.5 (2.6) |
| Plasma Urea (mM) | 8.5 (2.4) | 7.5 (0.9)g | 12.2 (3.1)a | 8.0 (1.3) | 8.1 (0.6) | 9.1 (1.3) | 9.0 (0.8) |
| FBG (mM) | 9.7 (1.4) | 22.9 (6.3)b | 23.5 (3.5)c | 9.9 (1.5) | 20.5 (4.0)b,e | 19.3 (9.9) | 10.1 (2.4) |
| FPI (uU/mL) | 26.9 (8.4) | 12.8 (2.3)b | 11.3 (1.4)c | 29.8 (15.7) | 12.0 (5.4)a | 12.0 (2.7)a,d | 21.7 (5.8) |
| HOMA-IR | 11.3 (3.5) | 12.8 (3.4) | 12.3 (1.2) | 12.9 (7.0) | 10.6 (3.1) | 8.4 (3.1) | 9.8 (3.3) |
| HOMA-beta | 87.5 (35) | 16.7 (4.9)a | 11.3 (3.4)b | 84.4 (44) | 15.1 (8.6)c,f | 20.1 (9.9)b,d | 69.6 (28) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHG) | 171 (46) | 166 (28) | 143 (45) | 152 (43) | 154 (43) | 161 (26) | 184 (34) |
Values are expressed as mean (SD). ap < 0.05,bp < 0.01 and cp < 0.0001 vs its diet control (C or W); dp < 0.05, ep < 0.01 fp < 0.0001 vs WU; gp < 0.01 vs CSU. FBG = fasting blood glucose, FPI = fasting plasma insulin, NTnot tested.