Table 1.
Effect of different metabolic hormones and neuropeptides on the hypothalamic Kisspeptin (KP) system under different experimental setup in rodents and primates.
| Hormone/neuropeptide | Effect on KP | Experimental setup | Experimental model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin | ↓ | In vivo and in vitro | Mouse | (58) |
| Leptin | ↑ | In vivo | Mouse and rat | (30, 31, 33) |
| Ghrelin | ↓ | In vivo | Mouse and rat | (80, 81) |
| Insulin | ↑ = | In vivo and in vitro | Mouse and sheep | (30, 89) |
| Melanocortin | ↑ | In vivo | Mouse | (126) |
| Glucagon-like peptide 1 | ↑ = | In vitro and in vivo | Mouse | (128) |
Increase (↑), Decrease (↓), no effect (=).