Table 2.
ATL mouse models as platform for ATL targeted therapy.
| Model | Drug | Drug target | ATL therapy | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xenograft model | Bay 11-7082 | NF-κB | Prevented tumor growth and infiltration. | Dewan et al., 2003 |
| Bortezomib | NF-κB | Prevented tumor growth in an ED SCID. | Satou et al., 2004 | |
| DHMEQ | NF-κB | Prolonged survival and Prevented tumor growth. | Ohsugi et al., 2007a | |
| 9-aminoacridine and Campath-1H | NF-κB and CD25 | Prolonged survival and induced P53-mediated apoptosis. | Ju et al., 2014 | |
| Compound E, Bortezomib, and Romidepsin | γ-secretase, NF-κB, and HDAC | Assessed interaction between Notch-1 and HTLV-I pathways, combination exhibited synergy supporting clinical trials. | Yu et al., 2015 | |
| AR-42 | HDAC | Prolonged survival. | Zimmerman et al., 2011 | |
| Campath-1H and HAT or MEDI 507 | CD2 and CD25 | Targeting different CD25 epitopes exhibited synergy. | Zhang et al., 2006 | |
| Flavopiridol and HAT | cyclin-dependent kinase and CD25 | Synergy enhancing antitumor effect and survival. | Chen et al., 2009 | |
| HAT, MAT, and 7G7B6 | CD25 | Inhibited tumor growth. | Maeda et al., 2010 | |
| 7G7/B6 and daclizumab | CD25 | Presented osteoponin-integrin interaction as novel therapeutic target for ATL. | Maeda et al., 2015 | |
| Daclizumab and Depsipeptide | CD25 and HDAC inhibition | Improved survival and attenuated tumor infiltration and viral production. | Ikebe et al., 2013 | |
| A20 ShRNA | A20, ubiquitin-editingEnzyme | Decreased tumor growth and revealed a novel role for ubiquitin-editing enzymes in ATL development. | Saitoh et al., 2016 | |
| ABT-737 | Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibition | Inhibited tumor growth. | Ishitsuka et al., 2012 | |
| Adoptive patient-autologous Tax-CTL | ATL cells | Decreased tumor infiltration and enhanced survival in vivo. | Masaki et al., 2013 | |
| Humanized model | Tinofovir and Azidothymidine | Reverse Transcriptase inhibition | Prophylactic potential by blocking primary infection in vivo. | Miyazato et al., 2006 |
| TARC-PE38 | CCR-4 | CCR4 is a potential ATL target. | Hiyoshi et al., 2015 | |
| Transgenic model | Arsenic/IFN | NF-κB, Tax, LIC | Cured ATL via LIC elimination. | El Hajj et al., 2010 |
| ST1926 | NF-κB, Tax, LIC | Highlights retinoids as promising therapies by enhancing survival and decreasing tumor infiltration. | El Hajj et al., 2014 |
DHMEQ, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HAT, humanized anti-Tac; MAT, murin anti-Tac; arsenic, arsenic Trioxide; IFN, interferon-alpha; LIC, leukemia initiating cells.