Figure 5.

FKE peptides promote macrophage reprogramming. Mice undergoing peritonitis for 48 h were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with PBS, FKE, or FKD peptides (50 µM each). After additional 24 h, peritoneal macrophages were isolated and incubated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/ml, 24 h) or vehicle. Then, culture media were collected and its content of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (A), interleukin (IL)-6 (B), IL-10 (C), and IL-12 (D) was determined by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results are representative (A,D) and averages ± SEM (B,C) from three experiments (n = 4 per group). ***/**/*indicate statistically significant differences of P ≤ 0.005/P ≤ 0.01/P ≤ 0.05, respectively, by ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis.