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. 2018 Apr 3;8:5501. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23746-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Climate and local oceanographic conditions during the in situ abalone experiments. (a) Recent NOAA estimates of ENSO oscillations (from https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/enso/mei/table.html). Initial times for both abalone outplants are indicated on the index. (b,d) Sep. – Oct. 2013 and July – Sep 2014 time series of seawater temperature (°C) at the 4 abalone outplant locations. Dashed black lines represent the 20 °C temperature reference used to derive the Temperature Index (TI). (c,e) Sep – Oct 2013 and July – Sep 2014 time series of dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/l) at the 4 outplant locations. Long dashed black lines represent the sub-lethal levels of dissolved oxygen (4.6 mg/l) used to derive the Oxygen Index (OI). Short black dashed lines represent the approximate lethal levels of dissolved oxygen (2.0 mg/l) reported in literature for many marine invertebrates (Vaquer-Sunyer and Duarte, 2008). For panels (b–e), labels on the right side of the panels indicate the location and depth of the sensors. MP = Morro Prieto; PP = Punta Prieta.