. 2018 Apr 3;8:5450. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23716-5

Table 3.

Withanolide content in leaves and roots of endophyte-inoculated Withania plants.

Treatment	Leaf			Root
Treatment	%WFA	%DWL	%WLA	%WFA	%DWL	%WLA
Control	0.56 ± 0.04^hi	0.12 ± 0.009^ef	0.35 ± 0.029^ab	nd	nd	0.067 ± 0.012^gh
WPL1	0.39 ± 0.05 ^lm	0.09 ± 0.009^ef	0.21 ± 0.035^hi	nd	nd	0.143 ± 0.015 ^cd
WPL2	0.32 ± 0.09^mn	0.03 ± 0.009^ij	0.04 ± 0.006^p	nd	0.012 ± 0.002 ^d	0.043 ± 0.009^hi
WPL3	0.50 ± 0.07^ij	0.43 ± 0.055 ^b	0.09 ± 0.006^op	nd	0.013 ± 0.003 ^d	0.070 ± 0.010^gh
WPL4	0.52 ± 0.12^ij	0.09 ± 0.009^ef	0.35 ± 0.026^ab	nd	0.013 ± 0.003 ^d	0.177 ± 0.009 ^bc
WPL5	0.58 ± 0.14^gh	0.13 ± 0.019^e	0.27 ± 0.067 ^cd	0.013 ± 0.002 ^d	0.012 ± 0.002 ^d	0.067 ± 0.012^gh
WPL6	0.56 ± 0.13^hi	0.01 ± 0.003^j	0.08 ± 0.007^op	0.012 ± 0.002 ^d	nd	0.063 ± 0.009^hi
WPL7	0.53 ± 0.05^ij	0.13 ± 0.009^ef	0.25 ± 0.043^de	0.015 ± 0.003 ^cd	nd	0.073 ± 0.007^gh
WPL8	0.58 ± 0.15^gh	0.07 ± 0.010^ef	0.40 ± 0.086^a	nd	nd	0.057 ± 0.012^hi
WPS9	0.48 ± 0.15^ij	0.13 ± 0.015^e	0.20 ± 0.041^hi	nd	nd	0.053 ± 0.012^hi
WPS10	0.59 ± 0.10^gh	0.58 ± 0.067 ^a	0.44 ± 0.086^a	nd	0.022 ± 0.004 ^b	0.170 ± 0.015 ^bc
WPS11	0.85 ± 0.03 ^cd	0.13 ± 0.018^e	0.22 ± 0.018^gh	nd	nd	0.060 ± 0.006^hi
WPR12	0.15 ± 0.04ⁿ	0.25 ± 0.018 ^d	nd	0.012 ± 0.002 ^d	0.018 ± 0.002 ^c	0.077 ± 0.015^gh
WPR13	1.31 ± 0.17 ^b	0.11 ± 0.015^ef	Nd	nd	nd	0.060 ± 0.010^hi
WPR14	0.58 ± 0.12^gh	0.07 ± 0.015^ef	0.17 ± 0.009^hi	nd	nd	0.053 ± 0.009^hi
WPR15	0.45 ± 0.09^ij	0.05 ± 0.012^hi	0.23 ± 0.012^fg	nd	nd	0.130 ± 0.015 ^de
WPR16	0.98 ± 0.10 ^bc	0.08 ± 0.003^ef	0.18 ± 0.019^hi	0.043 ± 0.003 ^a	nd	0.073 ± 0.009^gh
WPR17	1.86 ± 0.15 ^a	0.07 ± 0.015^ef	0.42 ± 0.075^a	0.012 ± 0.002 ^d	0.038 ± 0.002^a	0.070 ± 0.012^gh
WPR18	0.44 ± 0.17^jl	0.11 ± 0.015^ef	0.26 ± 0.045 ^cd	0.015 ± 0.003 ^cd	nd	0.183 ± 0.026 ^bc
WPR19	1.00 ± 0.08 ^bc	0.09 ± 0.012^ef	0.24 ± 0.007^ef	nd	nd	0.060 ± 0.012^hi
WPR20	1.05 ± 0.06 ^bc	0.06 ± 0.018^ef	0.26 ± 0.009 ^cd	nd	nd	0.067 ± 0.009^gh
WPR21	0.56 ± 0.10^hi	0.32 ± 0.078 ^c	0.16 ± 0.020^ij	nd	nd	0.117 ± 0.013 ^ef
WPS23	0.79 ± 0.06 ^de	0.06 ± 0.010^fg	0.14 ± 0.012 ^lm	0.018 ± 0.002 ^bc	nd	0.267 ± 0.018 ^a
WPR26	0.67 ± 0.14 ^fg	0.08 ± 0.006^ef	0.33 ± 0.026^ab	nd	nd	0.157 ± 0.024 ^cd
WPR27	0.75 ± 0.06 ^ef	0.09 ± 0.006^ef	0.11 ± 0.012^mn	nd	nd	0.043 ± 0.012^hi
WPR28	1.11 ± 0.09 ^bc	0.09 ± 0.012^ef	0.23 ± 0.021^fg	0.022 ± 0.004 ^b	nd	0.060 ± 0.015^hi
WPR29	0.41 ± 0.13 ^lm	0.08 ± 0.010^ef	0.39 ± 0.032^ab	nd	nd	0.217 ± 0.027 ^b
WPR30	1.05 ± 0.08^bc	0.10 ± 0.006^ef	0.15 ± 0.015^jl	nd	nd	0.160 ± 0.015 ^cd
WPR31	0.94 ± 0.06^bc	0.09 ± 0.006^ef	0.19 ± 0.010^hi	nd	nd	0.160 ± 0.015 ^cd
WPR32	1.17 ± 0.13^bc	0.07 ± 0.009^ef	0.28 ± 0.015^bc	0.010 ± 0.001^d	nd	0.117 ± 0.022^ef
WPLF1	0.73 ± 0.11 ^ef	0.06 ± 0.015^gh	0.27 ± 0.030 ^cd	0.012 ± 0.002^d	nd	0.130 ± 0.015^de
WPLF2	0.71 ± 0.11^fg	0.06 ± 0.009^fg	0.28 ± 0.021^bc	nd	nd	0.127 ± 0.023^de
WPLF3	0.62 ± 0.13^gh	0.08 ± 0.006^ef	0.37 ± 0.029^ab	nd	nd	0.073 ± 0.019^gh
WPLF4	1.20 ± 0.10^bc	0.12 ± 0.012^ef	0.22 ± 0.023^gh	nd	nd	0.027 ± 0.009^ij
WPRF5	0.85 ± 0.18 ^cd	0.12 ± 0.017^ef	0.18 ± 0.015^hi	nd	nd	0.060 ± 0.006^hi
WPRF6	1.03 ± 0.13^bc	0.10 ± 0.009^ef	0.34 ± 0.035^ab	nd	nd	0.057 ± 0.018^hi
WPRF7	0.68 ± 0.10^fg	0.09 ± 0.003^ef	0.27 ± 0.061 ^cd	nd	nd	0.030 ± 0.012^ij
WPRF8	0.43 ± 0.12 ^lm	0.03 ± 0.009^ij	0.37 ± 0.045^ab	nd	nd	0.050 ± 0.006^hi
WPRF9	0.68 ± 0.11^fg	0.09 ± 0.009^ef	0.11 ± 0.026^no	nd	nd	0.043 ± 0.018^hi
WPRF10	0.46 ± 0.16^ij	0.06 ± 0.017^fg	0.22 ± 0.028^gh	nd	nd	0.177 ± 0.037^bc
WPRF11	0.69 ± 0.12^fg	0.11 ± 0.010^ef	0.25 ± 0.022^ef	nd	nd	0.047 ± 0.018^hi

WFA- withaferin A, DWL- 12-deoxy withstramonolide and WLA- withanolide A. Values are the means of six biological replicates ± S.E. Values with different letters are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 (Duncan’s multiple range test).Values significantly higher than that of control plants are highlighted in bold. nd- not detected.