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. 2018 Apr 3;8:5416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23835-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Western Diet (WD)-fed Apoe^−/− rats exhibit small fatty streak lesions of atherosclerosis limited to the aortic sinus. (A) Histological slides of the aortic sinus in an Apoe^−/− rat fed the LF diet without detectable plaque (40X, Stained with Oil Red O), and Apoe^−/− rat fed the WD with an early fatty streak-type lesion (40X, Stained with Oil Red O). (B) Higher magnification of the fatty streak lesion in A. The lesion is indicated by an arrow. (C) Graphical representation of the lesion area measurements at 20 weeks of age showed significantly higher plaque burden in animals fed Western diets (groups 3 and 4) compared with animals fed the low fat control diet. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 14 in the low fat (LF) and low fat + gluten (LF + G) groups, n = 11 in the Western Diet (WD) group and n = 7 in the Western Diet + gluten (WD + G) group.