Table 1.
Lipoprotein cholesterol fractions either expressed as percentage of total plasma cholesterol or as absolute values (mmol/l).
| LF | LF + G | WD | WD + G | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Weeks | |||||
| HDL% | 23.6 ± 1.3 | 20.7 ± 1.4 | 23.1 ± 2.7 | 18.0 ± 2.8 | 0.545 |
| HDL mmol/l | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | |
| LDL% | 58.1 ± 1.7 | 60.7 ± 2.1 | 53.8 ± 1.6 | 56.8 ± 1.0 | 0.026 |
| LDL mmol/l | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | |
| VLDL% | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 6.9 ± 1.0 | 14.4 ± 1.1 | 19.6 ± 3.2 | 0.000 |
| VLDL mmol/l | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | |
| 14 Weeks | |||||
| HDL% | 24.7 ± 0.8 | 25.4 ± 1.2 | 18.4 ± 2.0 | 14.9 ± 0.5 | 0.000 |
| HDL mmol/l | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | |
| LDL% | 64.3 ± 1.5 | 62.6 ± 1.9 | 63.1 ± 1.9 | 65.9 ± 1.5 | 0.565 |
| LDL mmol/l | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 1.1 | 11.6 ± 0.4 | |
| VLDL% | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 1.2 | 16.8 ± 2.7 | 18.2 ± 0.6 | 0.000 |
| VLDL mmol/l | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | |
| 20 Weeks | |||||
| HDL% | 17.4 ± 0.4 | 14.4 ± 1.3 | 7.1 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 0.000 |
| HDL mmol/l | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | |
| LDL% | 63.4 ± 1.6 | 62.5 ± 3.3 | 59.3 ± 2.8 | 57.5 ± 0.4 | 0.071 |
| LDL mmol/l | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 19.6 ± 1.6 | 16.5 ± 1.2 | |
| VLDL% | 16.1 ± 2.7 | 20.5 ± 4.7 | 32.5 ± 4.2 | 35.2 ± 1.4 | 0.000 |
| VLDL | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 10.9 ± 2.1 | 10.1 ± 0.8 | |
LF: Low fat control diet, LF + G: Low fat control diet with added gluten, WD: Western Diet, WD + G: Western Diet with added gluten. Data are presented as mean percentages ± SEM. The listed p-value is calculated by two-way ANOVA with source of variation and is the p-value describing the difference due to fat and cholesterol content in the diet. There was no difference due to gluten. Significant p-values are marked in bold; n = 4/group.