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. 2018 Apr 3;8:5513. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23807-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Assay of prochloraz resistance and related biological effects of P. digitatum strains derived from HS-RH2 including wild-type strain with PdPmV1 and PdNLV1 coinfection (HS-RH2), virus-cured strain (HS-RH2F) and virus-reinfected strain (HS-RH2FI). (A) Growth assay of P. digitatum HS-RH2, HS-RH2F and HS-RH2FI strains on PDA plates with or without prochloraz (concentrations: 0, 0.01 and 0.05 mg·L⁻¹). All the strains were cultured at 25 °C for four days to calculate prochloraz EC₅₀ values. (B) Comparison of prochloraz EC₅₀ values of P. digitatum HS-RH2, HS-RH2F and HS-RH2FI strains. Each bar represents the EC₅₀ value plus standard error of three measurements (**P < 0.01). (C) Virulence for P. digitatum HS-RH2, HS-RH2F and HS-RH2FI on the prochloraz-treated citrus peel (prochloraz concentrations: 0, 0.01 and 0.05 mg·L⁻¹). The inoculated citrus fruits were incubated for a week at 25 °C. (D) Bars representing the mean lesion diameter of the virulence assay plus standard errors of three cultures are shown in panel C (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01).