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. 2018 Apr 3;8:5513. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23807-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Biological effects of PdPmV1 and PdNLV1 coinfection on P. digitatum strains HS-F6 and HS-E9. (A) Virulence for HS-F6 and its virus-infected strains (HS-F6I and HS-F6RI) on the prochloraz-treated citrus peel (prochloraz concentrations: 0, 1 and 5 mg·L⁻¹). The inoculated citrus fruits were incubated for 5 d at 25 °C. (B) Bars representing the mean lesion diameter of the virulence assay plus standard errors of three cultures are shown in panel A (**P < 0.01). (C) Virulence for HS-E9 and its virus-infected strains (HS-E9I and HS-E9RI) on the prochloraz-treated citrus peel (prochloraz concentrations: 0, 0.5 and 2 mg·L⁻¹). The inoculated citrus fruits were incubated for 5 d at 25 °C. (D) Bars representing the mean lesion diameter of the virulence assay plus standard errors of three cultures are shown in panel C (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01).