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. 2018 Apr 3;8:5591. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23707-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Assignment probabilities (q) of 408 P. calyculatus/schiedeanus individuals at K = 2 using STRUCTURE (A), and assignment probabilities of individuals to putative sub-structure at K = 2 within each first-level clustering, with individuals of the P. schiedeanus (B) and P. calyculatus (C) excluded. (D) Assignment probabilities of individuals to pure species (P. calyculatus, P. schiedeanus) using the POPFLAG prior information and correlated allele frequencies. Each individual is represented by a vertical line that is partitioned into coloured sections, with the length of each section proportional to the estimated membership coefficient. Photos show flowers of (E) Psittacanthus calyculatus (by Eduardo Ruiz Sanchez) from Jalisco, (F) Psittacanthus schiedeanus (by Juan Francisco Ornelas) from Veracruz, and (G) Psittacanthus putative hybrid (by Eduardo Ruiz Sanchez) from the contact zone in Oaxaca. Note their morphological similarities, with P. schiedeanus larger leaves and fruits, and flowers of typically much longer and more slender than flowers of P. calyculatus²¹. Flower size is variable in P. schiedeanus and sometimes appears to be intermediate to P. calyculatus.