Table 1.

List of state variables and parameters in the classic ‘non-nested’ and ‘nested’ models.

parameter/variable	description	non-nested	nested
R	density of resource	—	—
S	density of susceptible hosts	—	—
Q(Qm)	density of hosts infected with the resident (mutant) parasite	—	—
E	within-host energetics	—	—
I	within-host immune function	—	—
P	within-host parasite burden	—	—
t	time (population-level/between-host)	—	—
τ	time (individual-level/within-host)	—	—
ρ	resource maximum growth rate	1.0	1.0
K	resource carrying capacity	0.5–15	0.5–15
f	consumer (host) resource ingestion rate	1.0	1.0
h	resource ingestion half-saturation constant	1.0	1.0
e	consumer (host) conversion efficiency	0.5	0.5
d	consumer (host) background mortality rate	0.05–0.3	0.05–0.3
β0	max per-host transmission rate	15	15
βh	parasite transmission half-saturation constant	—	100
v(vm)	virulence rate of resident (mutant)	determined	—
v0	per-parasite virulence rate	—	0.01
r	rate of host energy use for non-parasite purposes	—	1.0
aB	baseline energy allocation rate to immunity	—	0.1
aI	induced energy allocation rate per parasite killed by the immune response	—	0.1
fI	killing rate, per immune cell	—	0.1
	energy exploitation rate, per resident (mutant) parasite	—	determined
	cost of producing immune cell	—	0.1
	cost of producing pathogen	—	0.1
mI	immune cell background mortality rate	—	0.1
mP	parasite background mortality rate	—	0.01