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. 2018 Apr 3;8:5422. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23651-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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MSCs-derived B2M enhances tumor development in vivo. (a,b) Representative macroscopical images of fresh BALB/c nude mice tumor tissues (upper panels) and the dynamic tumor growth curves in the TE-1 (a) and the Eca109 (b) cell group (lower panels). MSC^NTC contributed to the enhancement of the xenograft tumor formation rate of the ESCC cells compared with the negative control, and knockdown of B2M reversed this tendency. The average tumor volume in the MSC^NTC group was significantly larger than in mice injected with ESCC cells only, while the tumor volume in the MSC^shB2M group was much smaller than that in the MSC^NTC group until the sacrifice of animals. (c, d) H&E staining results showed the pathological structure of xenograft tumor section formed by TE-1 (c) and Eca109 (d) cells, including representative image of intact section (upper panels) and regional details (lower panels). (e,f) Immunohistochemical staining of TE-1 (e) and Eca109 (f) cells from the xenograft tumor tissue was performed using anti-PCNA (upper panel) and anti-Ki67 (lower panel) polyclonal antibodies. Tissue sections of MSC^NTC group displayed more positive signals compared with the negative control and the MSC^shB2M group. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 6); *p < 0.05; CON: mice transplanted with tumor cells alone; Scale bars: 100 μm.