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. 2018 Apr 3;37:77. doi: 10.1186/s13046-018-0726-2

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 7 — A schematic of radiotherapy induced cell death activates paracrine HMGB1-TLR2 signaling and accelerates pancreatic carcinoma metastasis. Radiotherapy induced the cancer cells’ death. HMGB1 is released by dying cells and binds specific receptor TLR2. HMGB1/TLR2 stimulates phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and EMT in a paracrine manner, which promotes the metastasis of cancer cells to the lung