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Gene expression levels in the testes of rats with or without piperine (PIP) treatment. Genes in the Leydig cell: (A) Lhcgr, (B) Scarb1, (C) Star, (D) Cyp11a1, (E) Hsd3b1, (F) Cyp17a1, (G) Hsd17b3, (H) Hsd11b1, and (I) Nr5a1. Mean ± SEM, n = 6. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 indicate significant differences when compared to the control (0 mg/kg), respectively.
