Table 1.

Model parameter description and data sources

Parameter	Description	Source	Value
n a,d	Number of humans of age group a that are P. falciparum-infected with gametocytes at density d in Southern Malawi	Calculated, Eq. 1	$n_{a,d}=N_a{\alpha }_a{g}_{a,d}$
N a	Number of people in age group a in Southern Malawi	2008 Census [27]
α a	Prevalence of P. falciparum in age group a	ICEMR-Malawi primary data	See Table 2
g a,d	Proportion of infections in age group a with gametocyte density d	ICEMR-Malawi primary data	See Table 2
κ d	Percent of mosquitoes infected with oocysts after a blood meal from a person with gametocytes at density d	Churcher et al. [24]	0.015 d = 1 (< 1/μL) 0.04 d = 2 (1–200/μL) 0.10 d = 3 (> 200–400/μL) 0.18 d = 4 (> 400/μL)
κ a	Relative infectivity per blood meal by age category a	Ouédraogo et al. [17] (including personal data communication)	2.5 a = 1 (< 5 years) 1.7 a = 2 (5–15 years) 1.0 (ref) a = 3 (> 15–30 years) 0.6 a = 4 (> 30 years)
b a	Relative mosquito biting frequency by human age group a	Calculated, Eq. 2	$b_a={\delta }_a\left({\sigma }_a\gamma +\left(1-{\sigma }_a\right)\right)$
δ a	Vector’s relative feeding preference for human age group a	Stone et al. [21]	1.0 (ref) a = 1 (< 5 years) 3.0 a = 2 (5–15 years) 4.0 a = 3 (> 15–30 years) 4.0 a = 4 (> 30 years)
g a	Proportion of people in age group a who use a bed net	ICEMR-Malawi primary data	See Table 2
γ	Relative reduction in nightly biting frequency for bed net users compared to non-users	Killeen et al. [28]	0.40
M a	Relative number of new mosquito oocyst infections attributable to human age group a	Calculated, Eq. 3	$M_a={\kappa }_a{b}_a\sum _{d=1}^4\left(n_{a,d}{k}_d\right)$
F a	Fraction of all new mosquito infections attributable to human age group a	Calculated, Eq. 4	$F_a=\frac{M_a}{{\sum }_{a=1}^4{M}_a}$

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