Negative Gaussian curvature drives SF subpopulations to align in different directions. (A) A scanning electron micrograph of a large SWS surface is shown. Scale bar, 50 μm. (B) Projections of phalloidin signals (gray) in cells on a spherical cap and skirt are shown. Red and yellow lines indicate apical and basal SFs, respectively. Scale bars, 20 μm. (C) SF subpopulation lengths on caps and skirts are shown. (D) The angle between average SF subpopulation orientation angles in cells on caps and skirts is shown. ncap = 11 cells; nskirt = 15 cells. The results are the mean and SE, ∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001 (Student’s t-test). deg, degree; ns, nonsignificant. To see this figure in color, go online.