Table 1.

Physiological load mode and magnitude of bones for different activities.

Authors	Bones	Activities	Peak values of loads
Duda et al. [25]	Femur	Walking	Axial force: ∼1.12 BW Bending moment: ∼5 BW·cm
Taylor et al. [26]	Femur	Jogging	Axial force: ∼3.6 BW	Bending moment: 8.5–9.8 BW·cm (antero-posterior axis) 4.7–7.6 BW·cm (medio-lateral axis) Axial torque: 0.2–1.3 BW·cm
		Stair descending	Axial force: ∼3.1 BW
		Walking	Axial force: ∼2.8 BW
		Treadmill walking	Axial force: ∼2.75 BW
		Stair ascending	Axial force:∼2.8 BW
Taylor et al. [27]	Femur	Walking (0.99–1.51 m/s)	Axial force:∼2.5 BW Shear force: 0.4–0.54 BW Axial torque:7 N m
		Ascending stairs	Axial Force: ∼2.5 BW Axial torque:6.2 N m
		Descending stairs	Axial Force: ∼2.81 BW Axial torque:7.3 N m
		Rising from the chair	Axial Force: 2.09 BW Axial torque:7.9 N m
Wehner et al. [28]	Tibia	Gait	Axial force: ∼4.7 BW Bending moment in the sagittal plane: ∼7.16 BW·cm
Gruber et al. [29]	Tibia	Rearfoot running	Impact shocking frequency: 9–20 Hz
		Forefoot running	Impact shocking frequency: 3–8 Hz