Table 1.

Demographic and baseline characteristics of participants in each group (N = 142) (male = 47, female = 95).

	Exercise training (n = 43)	Ergonomic modification (n = 37)	Combined exercise & modification (n = 34)	Control (n = 28)
Age (years)	29.41 ± 1.16	28.31 ± 0.92	29.64 ± 0.90	28.74 ± 0.82
Height (cm)	163.29 ± 1.46	159.51 ± 1.92	166.16 ± 1.34	161.25 ± 1.57
Body mass (kg)	73.26 ± 3.75	71.02 ± 3.22	74.07 ± 3.60	72.61 ± 2.60
Working duration (hr)	8.15 ± 0.06	8.20 ± 0.06	8.18 ± 0.05	8.06 ± 0.04
Pain score in neck	13.46 ± 2.57	13.24 ± 2.20	14.93 ± 2.77	15.65 ± 2.80
Pain score in right shoulder	15.34 ± 2.45	16.76 ± 2.80	17.33 ± 2.64	18.24 ± 3.42
Pain score in left shoulder	13.41 ± 2.08	13.13 ± 1.93	11.79 ± 1.73	15.21 ± 2.80
Pain score in lower back	11.91 ± 2.12	13.13 ± 2.01	14.00 ± 2.06	8.76 ± 1.76

Values are means ± standard deviation.

Note: cm, centimeters; kg, kilograms; hr, hour.