Table 2. Comparison of Worker Participation Concerns Between CNA Focus Groups and Management Interviews.

CNA Focus Group Quotes	Management Interview Quotes
Staff suggestions and follow up
Disagreement, Center A: “Because if we ever say anything to anybody it goes in one ear and out the other.”	“We typically ask their opinion for most things that we can.”
Agreement, Center B: “We have an open policy here, open door. You can go in to see the administrator. You can go to the director. You can go to whoever you feel comfortable with to speak about anything, and it's always taken care of since I've been here.”	“Having them come to us, and then the best thing we can do is support the idea and help them follow through with it.”
Staff participation and involvement in decision making
Disagreement, Center C: “I think the aides should be more involved in the care plans but we're not.”“When they make these changes they don't…involve us.”	“It's giving people, the line staff, and the control over the decision…. I don't make any of the decisions in this facility…. The CNAs make the decisions on the floor.”
Agreement, Center D: “They are pretty good at listening to us and we usually have the mandatory monthly meeting throughout this building for all wings for any concerns or anything new coming…. If anybody has concerns, they'll try to handle it.”	“We're trying to develop as a center in getting our direct care staff [to] really be empowered to make decisions that affect what they do from day to day.”

Note. CNA = certified nursing assistant.