Figure 8.

The schematic diagram demonstrates the proliferation and apoptosis pathways including the upstream and downstream cascades activated by VEGFC in the GC-1 cells. VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling plays a dual role of the fate determinations of GC-1 cells by activating PI3K-AKT/MAPK/Egr1/c-Fos/Cyclin D1 pathway in stimulating proliferation and BCL-2/CASPASE3/9 pathway in regulating apoptosis. “⋌” indicates “down-regulate or inactivation”, “↑” indicates “up-regulate or activation” and “P” indicates “phosphorylate”.