Table 1.
Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of Jeddah premenopausal women (20–50 years) with sufficient vitamin D intake versus insufficient vitamin D intakea(n=257).
| Characteristics | Insufficient vitamin D intake (n=167), median (P25–P75) | Sufficient vitamin D intake (n=90), median (P25–P75) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 27.0 (23.0–32.0) | 31.0 (26.5–39.0) | <0.001∗b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 (22.1–29.3) | 27.2 (22.6–32.1) | 0.09b |
| Vitamin D intake (IU/day) (diet and supplement) | 159.1 (90.3–228.7) | 1630.2 (649.5–1842.4) | <0.001∗b |
| Dietary vitamin D intake (IU/day) | 132.1 (76.4–210.2) | 157.6 (91.5–255.6) | 0.05∗b |
| Vitamin D intake from fish (IU/day) | 15.6 (4.9–31.5) | 21.8 (9.4–43.8) | 0.04∗b |
| Calcium intake (mg/day) (diet and supplement) | 665.2 (413.7–912.5) | 811.3 (572.8–1089.0) | 0.02∗b |
| Serum 25(OH) D (nmol/L) | 29.5 (23.2–35.2) | 51.4 (41.1–68.9) | <0.001∗b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Nonobese (<25 kg/m2) | 80 (69) | 36 (31.0) | 0.22c |
| Obese (≥25 kg/m2) | 87 (61.7) | 54 (38.3) | |
| Serum 25(OH) D (nmol/L) | |||
| Deficiency (<50 nmol/L) | 152 (78.4) | 42 (21.6) | <0.001∗c |
| Sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L) | 8 (14.3) | 48 (85.7) | |
| Education status | |||
| Less than college | 50 (67.6) | 24 (32.4) | 0.72c |
| College graduate | 103 (63.2) | 60 (36.8) | |
| More than college | 14 (70.0) | 6 (30.0) | |
| Income level (SR per month) | |||
| <15000 | 97 (67.8) | 46 (32.2) | 0.15c |
| ≥15000 | 52 (58.4) | 37 (41.6) |
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; P25–P75, 25th percentile and 75th percentile. aSufficient vitamin D intake consumed ≥400 IU/day and insufficient vitamin D intake consumed <400 IU/day. bThe nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test was performed. cThe chi-square test was performed. ∗Significance at the <0.05 level.