Fig. 1.

Light microscope images of vitamin K MN formulations. a) MN formulated from 20% w/w Gantrez® S-97 in 100% ethanol produced a large number of bubbles throughout the array. b) MN formulated from 20% w/w PVP in 100% ethanol produced a brittle needle, although all the needles did form. c) MN formulated from 20% w/w PVP in deionised water, containing 5% w/w Tween 80® produced a very brittle needle. Some needles did not form either. d) MN formulated from 20% w/w Gantrez® S-97 and 5% w/w Tween® 80 created a strong array with fully formed needles.