Table 2.
Duration of active phase, nulliparous women.
|
Nulliparous women | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | N | Study quality | Cervical dilatation on admission (cm) | Amniotomy (%) | Oxytocin (%) | Epidural (%) | Definition of starting and ending reference points | Median duration (h) | 5th percentile (h) | 95th percentile (h) |
| Zhang 2010 (2)-19 | 4247 | B | 2–2.5** | NR | 47* | 8* | From 2 (or 2.5) to 10 cm | 8.4 | – | 20.0 |
| Zhang 2010 (2)-29 | 6096 | B | 3–3.5** | NR | 47* | 8* | From 3 (or 3.5) to 10 cm | 6.9 | – | 17.4 |
| Zhang 2010 (1)11 | 8690 | B | 3** | NR | 20 | 8 | From 4 to 10 cm | 3.7 | – | 16.7 |
| Oladapo 2018-134 | 715 | A | 4** | NR | 40* | 0.0 | From 4 to 10 cm | 5.9 | 2.4 | 14.5 |
| Zhang 2010 (2)-39 | 5550 | B | 4–4.5** | NR | 47* | 8* | From 4 (or 4.5) to 10 cm | 5.3 | – | 16.4 |
| Oladapo 2018-234 | 316 | A | 5** | NR | 40* | 0.0 | From 5 to 10 cm | 4.3 | 1.6 | 11.3 |
| Zhang 2010 (2)-49 | 2764 | B | 5–5.5** | NR | 47* | 84* | From 5 (or 5.5) to 10 cm | 3.8 | – | 12.7 |
| Oladapo 2018-334 | 322 | A | 6** | NR | 40* | 0.0 | From 6 to 10 cm | 2.9 | 0.9 | 9.3 |
| Mean duration (h) | SD (h) | +2SD (h) | ||||||||
| Schiff 199838 | 69 | B | 3.5*** | NR | NR | NR | From 4 to 10 cm | 4.7 | 2.6 | 9.9* |
| Albers 199917 | 806 | A | 4*** | 0.0 | 0.0 | NR | From 4 to 10 cm | 7.7 | 4.9 | 17.5 |
| Jones 200328 | 120 | B | 4*** | NR | 0.0 | 0.0 | From 4 to 10 cm | 6.2 | 3.6 | 13.4 |
| Albers 199618 | 347 | C | 4*** | NR | 0.0 | NR | From 4 to 10 cm | 7.7 | 5.9 | 19.4 |
| Velasco 198543 | 74 | B | NR | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | From 4 to 10 cm | 3.9 | 1.6 | 7.1* |
| Juntunen 199429 | 42 | B | NR | 57.1 | 0.0 | 42.9 | From 4 to 10 cm | 3.1 | 1.5 | 6.1* |
| Lee 200731 | 66 | C | 2.5*** | NR | NR | 0.0 | NR | 3.6 | 1.9 | 7.4* |
| Schorn 199339 | 18 | B | 5.4*** | NR | 18 | NR | NR | 15.4 | 6.6 | 28.6 |
| Kilpatrick 198930 | 2032 | C | NR | NR | 0.0 | 0.0 | NR | 8.1 | 4.3 | 16.7* |
Risk of bias: A = at least four (out of five) domains scored as low risk; B = three domains scored as low risk; C = two domains or less scored as low risk.
SD = Standard deviation.
NR = Not reported.
h = h.
*
Estimated by authors.
**
Median.
***
Mean.