Table 1.
Distribution of 30-day readmission cases according to patient characteristics
| Readmission n=200 | No readmission n=1556 | Crude OR (95%CI) | P values | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age median (range) | 80 (65–101) | 78 (64–100) | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.07 |
| Age group | ||||
| 65–74 years | 56 (28.0%) | 501 (32.2%) | 1 | |
| 75–84 years | 98 (49.0%) | 729 (46.9%) | 1.20 (0.85–1.70) | 0.31 |
| >84 years | 46 (23.0%) | 326 (20.5%) | 1.26 (0.83–1.91) | 0.27 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 64 (32.0%) | 622 (40.0%) | 1 | |
| Male | 136 (68.0%) | 934 (60.0%) | 1.44 (1.05–1.97) | 0.02 |
| Educational level | ||||
| No/primary education | 153 (78.1%) | 1118 (72.4%) | 1 | |
| Secondary or higher | 43 (21.9%) | 427 (27.6%) | 0.75 (0.51–1.10) | 0.14 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married/cohabiting | 116 (58.0%) | 912 (58.6%) | 1 | |
| Single | 21 (10.5%) | 107 (6.9%) | 1.56 (0.94–2.59) | 0.09 |
| Widowed/divorced | 63 (31.5%) | 536 (34.4%) | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | 0.66 |
| Cohabitation | ||||
| Lives alone | 31 (15.5%) | 289 (18.6%) | 1 | |
| Lives with cohabitant aged >15 years | 155 (77.5%) | 1203 (77.4%) | 1.20 (0.80–1.80) | 0.39 |
| Lives with cohabitant aged <15 years | 14 (7.0%) | 63 (4.1%) | 2.03 (1.02–4.04) | 0.04 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 79 (39.5%) | 693 (44.5%) | 1 | |
| Smoker | 16 (8.0%) | 138 (8.9%) | 1.04 (0.59–1.83) | 0.90 |
| Ex-smoker | 105 (52.5%) | 725 (46.6%) | 1.28 (0.94–1.75) | 0.11 |
| High alcohol consumption | ||||
| No | 197 (98.5%) | 1524 (97.9%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 3 (1.5%) | 32 (2.1%) | 1.38 (0.42–4.54) | 0.60 |
| Prior utilisation of resources | ||||
| No of nurse visits in last 90 days | ||||
| 0–2 | 147 (73.5%) | 1182 (76.4%) | 1 | |
| ≥3 | 53 (26.5%) | 365 (23.6%) | 1.17 (0.82–1.65) | 0.39 |
| No of hospital visits in last 90 days | ||||
| 0–2 | 164 (82.8%) | 1355 (87.6%) | 1 | |
| ≥3 | 34 (17.2%) | 192 (12.4%) | 1.53 (1.02–2.31) | 0.04 |
| Barthel Index | ||||
| Little or no dependency >90 | 108 (54.0%) | 990 (63.6%) | 1 | |
| Moderate-to-high dependency ≤90 | 92 (46.0%) | 566 (36.4%) | 1.47 (1.08–2.01) | 0.01 |
| Immunisations | ||||
| Influenza vaccination in any of the three previous seasons | ||||
| No | 54 (27.0%) | 464 (29.8%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 146 (73.0%) | 1092 (70.2%) | 1.16 (0.83–1.61) | 0.39 |
| Pneumococcal vaccination in five previous years | ||||
| No | 161 (80.5%) | 1281 (82.3%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 39 (19.5%) | 275 (17.7%) | 1.11 (0.76–1.62) | 0.58 |
| Risk medical conditions | ||||
| Chronic respiratory failure | ||||
| No | 136 (68.0%) | 1269 (81.6%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 64 (32.0%) | 287 (18.4%) | 2.08 (1.50–2.88) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia during the last 2 years | ||||
| No | 146 (73.0%) | 1267 (81.4%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 54 (27.0%) | 289 (18.6%) | 1.65 (1.18–2.32) | 0.004 |
| Any malignancy | ||||
| No | 161 (80.5%) | 1271 (81.7%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 39 (19.5%) | 285 (18.3%) | 1.08 (0.74–1.58) | 0.67 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 139 (69.5%) | 1023 (65.7%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 61 (30.5%) | 533 (34.3%) | 0.83 (0.60–1.14) | 0.26 |
| Renal failure | ||||
| No | 151 (75.5%) | 1263 (81.2%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 49 (24.5%) | 293 (18.8%) | 1.38 (0.97–1.96) | 0.07 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||
| No | 128 (64.0%) | 1074 (69.0%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 72 (36.0%) | 482 (31.0%) | 1.25 (0.92–1.70) | 0.16 |
| Heart failure | ||||
| No | 128 (64.0%) | 1168 (75.1%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 72 (36.0%) | 388 (24.9%) | 1.69 (1.24–2.31) | 0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | ||||
| No | 186 (93.0%) | 1504 (96.7%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 14 (7.0%) | 52 (3.3%) | 2.13 (1.15–3.94) | 0.01 |
| Haemoglobinopathy or anaemia | ||||
| No | 160 (80.0%) | 1324 (85.1%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 40 (20.0%) | 232 (14.9%) | 1.40 (0.96–2.04) | 0.08 |
| Disabling neurological disease | ||||
| No | 179 (89.5%) | 1416 (91.0%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 21 (10.5%) | 140 (9.0%) | 1.17 (0.72–1.90) | 0.52 |
| Charlson Index | ||||
| No comorbidity (0) | 18 (9.0%) | 233 (15.0%) | 1 | |
| Low comorbidity (1) | 54 (27.0%) | 378 (24.3%) | 1.83 (1.05–3.20) | 0.03 |
| High comorbidity (≥2) | 128 (64.0%) | 945 (60.7%) | 1.71 (1.02–2.86) | 0.04 |
| Hospital care process | ||||
| Intensive care unit | ||||
| No | 188 (94.5%) | 1499 (96.9%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 11 (5.5%) | 48 (3.1%) | 1.93 (0.97–3.81) | 0.06 |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||
| No | 157 (78.5%) | 1317 (84.9%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 43 (21.5%) | 235 (15.1%) | 1.50 (1.03–2.18) | 0.03 |
| Pneumonia Severity Index | ||||
| I–III | 69 (34.7%) | 645 (41.7%) | 1 | |
| IV–V | 130 (65.3%) | 902 (58.3%) | 1.40 (1.02–1.92) | 0.04 |
| Length of hospital stay | ||||
| <8 days | 80 (40.0%) | 766 (49.2%) | 1 | |
| ≥8 days | 120 (60.0%) | 790 (50.8%) | 1.45 (1.05–2.02) | 0.02 |
| Antibiotic treatment | ||||
| No | 97 (50.3%) | 700 (46.6%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 96 (49.7%) | 802 (53.4%) | 1.07 (0.76–1.50) | 0.70 |
| Discharge disposition | ||||
| Home without services | 185 (92.5%) | 1477 (94.9%) | 1 | |
| Home with home healthcare | 9 (4.5%) | 19 (1.2%) | 5.05 (1.58–16.15) | 0.01 |
| Social health centre | 6 (3.0%) | 60 (3.9%) | 1.23 (0.41–2.92) | 0.63 |