RAD6B and RNF8 KO mice showed abnormalities in spermatogenesis. (A) DAPI staining of seminiferous tubules sections from WT, RNF8−/− and RAD6B−/− males. Bar, 20 μm. (B) The spermatogenic stages were divided into 4 groups based on the presence of specific cell types and their arrangements: I–IV, V–VIII, IX–X and XI–XII. (C and D) The numbers of developing germ cells present during the first wave of spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia (Spg) and spermatocytes (Spc) were counted from DAPI-stained testicular sections at the postnatal days indicated. A significant reduction in Spc counts was observed in RAD6B−/− mice. (E) The numbers of stage I–IV and V–VIII round spermatids (Rs) counted from DAPI-stained testicular sections from WT, RNF8−/− and RAD6B−/− mice. The decrease in the total number of Rs in RNF8−/− and RAD6B−/− mice is attributed to a loss of stage V–VIII spermatids. All values are presented as the mean ± SEM (WT n = 6; RNF8−/− n = 6; RAD6B−/− n = 6). Student's t-test; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; ns, not significant.