Fig. 4.

A combination of elevated O-GlcNAc and GSL via specific inhibitors of OGA and HexA/B do not recapitulate PUGNAc action. (A) O-GlcNAc western blots of cell lysates from CHO-IR cells treated with 50 µM PUG or 0.5 µM INJ2 in the absence or presence of insulin (1 or 10 nM). (B) Scatter plots represent the percentage of apoptotic cells from each condition (n = 4). Independent experiments were plotted with an identical symbol for different conditions. Black bars indicate the average percentage from four independent experiments, and the error bars indicate ± STDEV. Student's t-test (paired, one-tailed) was used to evaluate statistical significance using serum-deprived sample as the control. * P ≤ 0.008, # NS, not significant. (C) Western blots of apoptotic markers, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1, and their full-length counterparts as well as β-actin of cell lysates treated with the same conditions as in (A) and (B).