Table 1.
Representative species of Maleae, other major lineages of Amygdaloideae, and an outgroup used in this study, together with sample vouchers and sampling localities.
| Taxon | Voucher | Locality |
|---|---|---|
| Amelanchier arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald | S. L. Zhou BOP022147 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Aria nivea Host | S. L. Zhou BOP022174 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott | S. L. Zhou BOP022150 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai | S. L. Zhou BOP010027 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Chamaemeles coriacea Lindl. | K. R. Roberson 4775 | Illinois Natural History Survey Herbarium (ILLS) |
| Chamaemespilus alpina (Mill.) K. R. Robertson & J. B. Phipps | K. R. Roberson 5276 | Illinois Natural History Survey Herbarium (ILLS) |
| Cormus domestica (L.) Spach | S. L. Zhou BOP022163 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge | S. L. Zhou BOP010016 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Crataegus kansuensis E. H. Wilson | S. L. Zhou BOP010010 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Cydonia oblonga Mill. | S. L. Zhou BOP010020 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Dichotomanthes tristaniicarpa Kurz | S. L. Zhou BOP027700 | Kunming Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Docynia delavayi (Franch.) C. K. Schneid. | S. L. Zhou BOP027738 | Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Docyniopsis tschonoskii (Maxim.) Koidz. | S. L. Zhou BOP022164 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. | S. L. Zhou BOP003044 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Eriolobus kansuensis (Batalin) C. K. Schneid. | S. L. Zhou BOP011038 | Huludao, Liaoning, CHN |
| Gillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench | S. L. Zhou BOP022159 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Heteromeles arbutifolia (Dryand.) M. Roem. | S. L. Zhou BOP022160 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Kageneckia crataegifolia Lindl. | S. L. Zhou BOP022176 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Lindleyella schiedeana (Schltdl.) Rydb. | S. L. Zhou BOP022161 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Malacomeles denticulata (Kunth) G. N. Jones | S. L. Zhou BOP022179 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. | S. L. Zhou BOP016421 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Mespilus germanica L. | S. L. Zhou BOP022165 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Micromeles folgneri C. K. Schneid. | S. L. Zhou BOP017025 | Harbin, Heilongjiang, CHN |
| Osteomeles schwerinae C. K. Schneid. | S. L. Zhou BOP027697 | Kunming Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray | S. L. Zhou BOP022168 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman | S. L. Zhou BOP027633 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Pourthiaea arguta var. salicifolia (Decne.) Hook. f. | S. L. Zhou BOP022178 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Pseudocydonia sinensis (Dum. Cours.) C. K. Schneid. | S. L. Zhou BOP010349 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) H. L. Li | S. L. Zhou BOP003043 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder | S. L. Zhou BOP010065 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. | S. L. Zhou BOP016354 | Kunming Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Sorbus aucuparia L. | S. L. Zhou BOP016569 | Harbin, Heilongjiang, CHN |
| Stranvaesia davidiana Decne. | S. L. Zhou BOP027698 | Kunming Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Torminalis clusii (M.Roem.) K. R. Robertson & J. B. Phipps | K. R. Roberson 5275 | Illinois Natural History Survey Herbarium (ILLS) |
| Vauquelinia corymbosa Corrêa ex Humb. & Bonpl. | S. L. Zhou BOP022177 | Herbarium, Institute of Botany, CAS (PE) |
| Other lineages | ||
| Physocarpus amurensis (Maxim.) Maxim. | S. L. Zhou BOP010043 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Prinsepia sinensis (Oliv.) Oliv. ex Bean | S. L. Zhou BOP010133 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino | S. L. Zhou BOP010022 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun | S. L. Zhou BOP016568 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Spiraea pubescens Turcz. | S. L. Zhou BOP010042 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |
| Outgroup | ||
| Rosa rugosa Thunb. | S. L. Zhou BOP010536 | Beijing Botanical Garden, CAS |