Table 4. Effect of the intervention on outcomes, 21-month follow-up.
| Summary Statistics | Intervention effect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Intervention | All | Unadjusted | Adjusted* | |
| (n = 590 men, 605 women) | (n = 533 men, 557 women) | (n = 1123 men, 1162 women) | |||
| Experiences of intimate partner violence | |||||
| Experienced physical violence from partner in past 12 months (women’s reports) | 342 (56.53%) |
186 (33.33%) |
528 (45.40%) |
OR = 0.38 (0.29–0.50) p<0.001 |
OR = 0.37 (0.28–0.49) p<0.001 |
| Experienced sexual violence by partner in past 12 months (women’s reports) | 364 (60.17%) |
195 (35.01%) |
559 (48.11%) |
OR = 0.36 (0.25–0.50) p<0.001 |
OR = 0.34 (0.25–0.48) p<0.001 |
| Reproductive and maternal health behaviours | |||||
| # ANC visits (women’s reports) | 3.11 (1.22) |
3.40 (1.09) |
3.25 (1.17) |
IRR = 1.09 (1.05–1.14) p<0.001 |
IRR = 1.09 (1.05–1.14) p<0.001 |
| # ANC visits accompanied by men (men’s reports) | 1.57 (0.92) |
2.09 (1.03) |
1.82 (1.01) |
IRR = 1.33 (1.23–1.45) p<0.001 |
IRR = 1.33 (1.23–1.45) p<0.001 |
| # ANC visits accompanied by men (women’s reports) | 1.15 (0.68) |
1.71 (1.02) |
1·42 (0·90) |
IRR = 1.49 (1.35–1.64) p<0.001 |
IRR = 1.50 (1.36–1.65) p<0.001 |
| % Currently using modern contraception (men's reports) | 382 (64.86%) |
401 (75.38%) |
783 (69·85%) |
OR = 1.65 (1.24–2.21) p = 0.001 |
OR = 1.65 (1.24–2.20) p = 0.001 |
| % Used modern contraception (women’s reports) | 366 (60.50%) |
390 (69.89%) |
756 (65.00%) |
OR = 1.52 (1.15–2.01) p = 0.003 |
OR = 1.53 (1.15–2.04) p = 0.004 |
| Perceived support during pregnancy (women’s reports) | 0.74 (0.34) |
0.92 (0.20) |
0.82 (0.30) |
Beta = 0.18 (0.13–0.22) p<0.001 |
Beta = 0.18 (0.13–0.23) p<0.001 |
| Use of physical punishment against children | |||||
| Men’s use of physical punishment (men’s reports) | 387 (67.30%) |
303 (57.71%) |
690 (62.73%) |
OR = 0.66 (0.50–0.89) p = 0.006 |
OR = 0.66 (0.50–0.88) p = 0.005 |
| Women’s use of physical punishment (women’s reports) | 467 (79.15%) |
374 (68.25%) |
841 (73.90%) |
OR = 0.56 (0.40–0.79) p = 0.001 |
OR = 0.56 (0.41–0.79) p = 0.001 |
| Gendered division of childcare and household tasks | |||||
| Sharing of tasks (men’s reports) | 1.77 (0.48) |
2.10 (0.50) |
1.92 (0.52) |
Beta = 0.33 (0.26–0.41) p<0.001 |
Beta = 0.33 (0.26–0.41) p<0.001 |
| Sharing of tasks (women’s reports) | 1.65 (0.48) |
2.04 (0.51) |
1.83 (0.53) | Beta = 0.39 (0.31–0.47) p<0.001 |
Beta = 0.39 (0.31–0.47) p<0.001 |
| Time spent on tasks- Hours per day (men’s reports) | 1.40 (2.09) |
2.26 (2.38) |
1.80 (2.27) |
Beta = 0.86 (0.49–1.23) p<0.001 |
Beta = 0.86 (0.50–1.22) p<0.001 |
| Time spent on tasks- Hours per day (women’s reports) | 8.34 (5.30) |
8.34 (5.05) |
8.34 (5.18) |
Beta = 0.002 (-0.60–0.61) p = 0.99 |
Beta = 0.07 (-0.53–0.68) p = 0.81 |
| Men’s dominance in household decision-making | |||||
| Man has final say on weekly/ monthly income and expenses (men’s reports) | 409 (70.27%) |
241 (45.47%) |
650 (58.45%) |
OR = 0.35 (0.26–0.49) p<0.001 |
OR = 0.35 (0.25–0.48) p<0.001 |
| Man has final say on weekly/ monthly income and expenses (women’s reports) | 474 (78.74%) |
309 (56.08%) |
783 (67.91%) |
OR = 0.35 (0.26–0.46) p<0.001 |
OR = 0.31 (0.24–0.42) p<0.001 |
| Man has final say in how many children to have or spacing of children (men’s reports) | 278 (49.03%) |
168 (31.94%) |
446 (40.81%) |
OR = 0.49 (0.37–0.64) p<0.001 |
OR = 0.48 (0.36–0.63) p<0.001 |
| Man has final say in how many children to have or spacing of children (women’s reports) | 284 (47.81%) |
192 (34.91%) |
476 (41.61%) |
OR = 0·59 (0.47–0.73) p<0.001 |
OR = 0.57 (0.45–0.72) p<0.001 |
* Analyses adjusted for men’s and women’s self-reported current age and level of education, and men’s reports of socio-economic status at baseline (defined as having basic needs met).