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. 2018 Apr 4;8:5646. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24017-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Damage markers and metformin signaling in adult mice. (a) Protein oxidation of liver homogenates as measured by derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). (b) Representative cropped Western blot of 3-nitrotyrosine residues and GADPH in liver homogenates from adult mice. (c) Densitometric measurements of 3-nitrotyrosine blots from control (n = 4), burn (n = 5) and burn + metformin-treated mice (n = 5). (d) Circulating plasma mitochondrial DNA from control, injured and treated mice. (e) Changes in body weight between day 1 and day 7 in all adult cohorts as expressed as % of the original mass. (f) Representative Western blots of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), total AMPK, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Densitometry was performed to assess the activation of AMPK via its phosphorylation. : control (n = 5); ■: burn (n = 5); : burn + metformin treatment (n = 5). Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01.

Inline graphic — Damage markers and metformin signaling in adult mice. (a) Protein oxidation of liver homogenates as measured by derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). (b) Representative cropped Western blot of 3-nitrotyrosine residues and GADPH in liver homogenates from adult mice. (c) Densitometric measurements of 3-nitrotyrosine blots from control (n = 4), burn (n = 5) and burn + metformin-treated mice (n = 5). (d) Circulating plasma mitochondrial DNA from control, injured and treated mice. (e) Changes in body weight between day 1 and day 7 in all adult cohorts as expressed as % of the original mass. (f) Representative Western blots of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), total AMPK, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Densitometry was performed to assess the activation of AMPK via its phosphorylation. : control (n = 5); ■: burn (n = 5); : burn + metformin treatment (n = 5). Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01.