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. 2018 Mar 29;9:647. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00647

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Copyright © 2018 Cao, Huang, Xia, Liu, Muhammad and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Homeobox a5 (Hoxa5) promotes adipocytes browning by activating the BMP4/Smad1 signal pathway. (A) The network of the target genes of Hoxa5 by bioinformatics analysis. (B,C) mRNA expressions of Hoxa5, BMP4, UCP1, PGC1α, PRDM16, Cidea, Dio2, TNFα, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in mice adipocytes in the pc-control group, pc-Hoxa5 group, and sh-Hoxa5 group with or without β3-adrenoceptor agonists CL314,243 (n = 4). (D) Relative mRNA level of Hoxa5, BMP4, UCP1, PGC1α, TNFα, and TLR4 in mice adipocytes in control group, pc-Hoxa5 group, and sh-Hoxa5 group with or without Smad1 inhibitor LDN193,189 (n = 4). (E) Representative immunoblots and densitometric quantification for BMP4, p-Smad1, UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC1α in mice adipocytes in pc-control group, pc-Hoxa5 group, and sh-Hoxa5 group with or without DN193,189 (n = 4). Values are represented as means ± SD vs. control group, *p < 0.05.