Table 1. Patient and Treatment Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ChemoRT With Planned Adjuvant Chemotherapy (n = 320) | TNT (n = 308) | ||
| Age, y | |||
| <55 | 128 (40.0) | 161 (52.3) | <.001 |
| 55-75 | 152 (47.5) | 127 (41.2) | |
| >75 | 40 (12.5) | 20 (6.5) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 192 (60.0) | 181 (58.8) | .81 |
| Female | 128 (40.0) | 127 (41.2) | |
| Period | |||
| 2009-2011 | 217 (67.8) | 28 (9.1) | <.001 |
| 2012-2013 | 65 (20.3) | 133 (43.2) | |
| 2014-2015 | 38 (11.9) | 147 (47.7) | |
| Tumor height (cm) above anal verge | |||
| <5 | 98 (30.6) | 102 (33.1) | .55 |
| 5-10 | 175 (54.7) | 143 (46.4) | |
| >10 | 47 (14.7) | 63 (20.5) | |
| Imaging for pretreatment staginga | |||
| ERUS | 85 (34.7) | 12 (4.1) | <.001 |
| MRI | 84 (34.3) | 165 (56.1) | |
| ERUS and MRI | 76 (31.0) | 117 (39.8) | |
| cT stage | |||
| cT1 | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | .06 |
| cT2 | 20 (6.3) | 19 (6.2) | |
| cT3 | 277 (86.6) | 251 (81.5) | |
| cT4 | 20 (6.2) | 36 (11.7) | |
| cN stage | |||
| cN0 | 94 (29.4) | 43 (14.0) | <.001 |
| cN positive | 226 (70.6) | 265 (86.0) | |
| Surgery within 12 mo | |||
| Yes | 296 (92.5) | 235 (76.3) | <.001 |
| No | 24 (7.5) | 73 (23.7) | |
| Type of surgery | |||
| Open | 156 (52.7) | 65 (27.8) | <.001 |
| Minimally invasive | 140 (47.3) | 169 (72.2) | |
| Days to surgery, median (IQR)b | 56 (48-71) | 63 (52-75) | .002 |
| Weeks to surgeryb,c | |||
| <8 | 153 (51.7) | 82 (34.9) | .001 |
| 8-12 | 100 (33.8) | 108 (46.0) | |
| 12-26 | 41 (13.9) | 36 (15.3) | |
| >26 | 2 (0.6) | 9 (3.8) | |
| Postoperative chemotherapyd | |||
| No | 63 (21.5) | 214 (94.7) | <.001 |
| Yes | 230 (78.5) | 12 (5.3) | |
| Ileostomy after low anterior resection | |||
| No | 33 (14.5) | 23 (12.5) | .56 |
| Yes | 195 (85.5) | 161 (87.5) | |
| Days to ileostomy closure, median (IQR) | 192 (166-243) | 89 (71-107) | <.001 |
| Ileostomy closure within 15 weekse | |||
| No | 176 (91.2) | 44 (28.0) | <.001 |
| Yes | 17 (8.8) | 113 (72.0) | |
| Months of follow-up, median (range) | 40 (6-92) | 23 (6-71) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ChemoRT, chemoradiation; ERUS, endorectal ultrasound; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TNT, total neoadjuvant therapy.
a
Data were available for 245 patients in the chemoRT with planned adjuvant chemotherapy cohort and 294 patients in the TNT cohort.
b
After completion of neoadjuvant treatment.
c
Excluding patients in nonoperative protocols, ie, patients who did not undergo surgery within 12 months after completion of neoadjuvant therapy.
d
In patients who underwent surgery within 12 months.
e
In patients who underwent LAR with diverting ileostomy within 12 months.