Table 1. Demographic, Clinical, and Imaging Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Patient Group | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 283) | No EDS (n = 220) | EDS (n = 63) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 77.1 (4.8) | 76.7 (4.6) | 78.7 (5) | .003a |
| Male, No. (%) | 204 (72.1) | 151 (68.6) | 53 (84.1) | .02b |
| APOE4 allele, No. (%) | 90 (31.8) | 69 (31.4) | 21 (33.3) | .77b |
| Educational level, median (IQR), y | 14 (12-16) | 14 (12-17) | 13 (12-16) | .10c |
| Physical activity, mean (SD), scored | 9.3 (4.7) | 9.4 (4.5) | 9 (5.5) | .69a |
| Cognitively normal, No. (%) | ||||
| At baseline PiB-PET | 250 (88.3) | 202 (91.8) | 48 (76.2) | <.001b |
| At follow-up PiB-PET | 227 (80.2) | 185 (84.1) | 42 (66.7) | <.001b |
| Dementia conversion | 9 (3.2) | 5 (2.3) | 4 (6.3) | .22e |
| PiB-PET data | ||||
| Interval between scans, mean (SD), y | 2.2 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.2) | .78a |
| Baseline global PiB uptake, median (IQR), SUVR | 1.38 (1.31-1.62) | 1.38 (1.30-1.58) | 1.40 (1.32-1.85) | .06c |
| Baseline global PiB positivity, No. (%)f | 130 (45.9) | 97 (44.1) | 33 (52.4) | .24b |
| Global PiB conversion, No. (%)g | 37 (24.2) | 30 (24.4) | 7 (23.3) | .90b |
| Global ΔPiB, mean (SD), SUVR | 0.073 (0.099) | 0.066 (0.097) | 0.097 (0.100) | .03a |
| Baseline sleep screening | ||||
| ESS score, median (IQR)h | 7 (4-9) | 5 (3-7) | 12 (11-14) | NA |
| Bed partner, No. (%) | 247 (87.3) | 194 (88.2) | 53 (84.1) | .39b |
| Reduced sleep, No. (%) | 50 (17.7) | 41 (18.6) | 9 (14.3) | .43b |
| Snore or choke, No. (%) | 65 (23.0) | 46 (20.9) | 19 (30.2) | .12b |
| Witnessed apneas, No. (%) | 51 (18.0) | 31 (14.1) | 20 (31.7) | <.001b |
| Dream enactment, No. (%) | 26 (9.2) | 20 (9.1) | 6 (9.5) | .92b |
| Bedtime restlessness, No. (%) | 22 (7.8) | 17 (7.7) | 5 (7.9) | >.99e |
| Leg cramps, No. (%) | 106 (37.5) | 83 (37.7) | 23 (36.5) | .86b |
| Sleepwalking, No. (%) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 1 (1.6) | .22e |
| Baseline comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Obesity | 89 (31.4) | 71 (32.3) | 18 (28.6) | .58b |
| Dyslipidemia | 202 (71.4) | 160 (72.7) | 42 (66.7) | .35b |
| Hypertension | 179 (63.3) | 138 (62.7) | 41 (65.1) | .73b |
| Diabetes | 118 (41.7) | 90 (40.9) | 28 (44.4) | .62b |
| Current smoking | 5 (1.8) | 4 (1.8) | 1 (1.6) | >.99e |
| Depression | 12 (4.2) | 10 (4.5) | 2 (3.2) | >.99e |
| Use of hypnotics, No. (%) | ||||
| Benzodiazepines | 5 (1.8) | 5 (2.3) | 0 | .59e |
| Nonbenzodiazepines | 13 (4.6) | 11 (5) | 2 (3.2) | .74e |
Abbreviations: APOE4, apolipoprotein E ε4; ΔPiB, difference between the second and first Pittsburgh B compound (PiB) uptake measures; EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; PET, positron emission tomography; SUVR, standardized uptake value ratio.
Calculated using the unpaired t test.
Calculated using the χ2 test.
Calculated using the Mann-Whitney test.
Measured as a mean of 6 components that assessed how often certain physical tasks and exercises were performed during midlife, with scores ranging from 0 to 21 and higher scores indicating more physical activity.
Calculated using the Fisher exact test.
Indicates SUVR of at least 1.4.
Includes 153 participants, 123 without EDS and 30 with EDS, who did not have baseline positivity.
Scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating more daytime sleepiness.