Figure 7.

Effects of PCGE on H₂O₂-induced LDH release from human primary astrocytes. (a) Cells were preincubated for 24 h with the different concentrations of PCGE (15, 25, and 50 μg/ml) and then exposed to 0.5 mM of H₂O₂ for 4 h in FBS-free medium. ^{∗∗,∗∗∗}Significant differences at the P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 levels, respectively, versus the control group; ^#P < 0.05 versus the 15 μg/ml group. (b) LDH release from astrocyte cells that were pretreated with 25 μg/ml PCGE for different durations (up to 48 h) before exposure to 0.5 mM H₂O₂. ^{∗,∗∗∗}Significant differences at the P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 levels, respectively, versus the control group; ^##P < 0.01 and ^###P < 0.001 versus the 1 h group. The results were quantified by using an LDH activity kit assay and expressed as percentages of LDH released in PCGE-treated or vehicle-treated cells (control) exposed to H₂O₂. Values are means ± SE; n = 5 independent experiments. ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test.