Hsp18.1 enhances the ability of reticulocyte lysate and the DnaK system to refold Luc. A, 1 μm Luc in the presence of ATP was mixed with 50% (v/v) reticulocyte lysate (RL, ▴) or 0.5 μm Hsp18.1/50% (v/v) reticulocyte lysate (Hsp18.1 + RL, ●), heated for 15 min at 42°C, and then shifted to 30°C to allow refolding. B, Luc in the presence of ATP was mixed with Hsp18.1 (○), DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE (KJE, ▴), or Hsp18.1/DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE (Hsp18.1 + KJE, ●), denatured for 30 min, and then shifted to 30°C to allow refolding. Concentrations in B were 1 μm Luc, 1 μm Hsp18.1, 2 μm DnaK, 0.4 μm DnaJ, and 0.8 μm GrpE.