Table 2.
Summary of Regional Brain Activities of the Whole Brain Contrasting Functional Dyspepsia Subtypes and Healthy Subjects (Resting State and Water Load Test)
| Brain lobe | Brain regiona | Resting state | Water load test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| EPS vs HS | PDS vs HS | MIX vs HS | EPS vs HS | PDS vs HS | MIX vs HS | |||
| Frontal lobe | Sup frontal gyrus | L | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | |||
| (4,6) | R | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| Mid frontal gyrus | L | ↓ | ||||||
| (9,10) | R | |||||||
| Inf frontal gyrus | L | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||
| (11,44,45,47) | R | ↑ | ||||||
| Precentral gyrus | L | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| R | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||
| Parietal lobe | Postcentral gyrus | L | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| (1,3&2) | R | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ||||
| Paracentral lobule | L | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| (5,1,3&2) | R | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| Sup parietal lobule | L | ↑ | ↑ | |||||
| (5,7) | R | ↑ | ↑ | |||||
| --Precuneus | L | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||
| (7) | R | ↑ | ↑ | |||||
| Inf parietal lobule | L | |||||||
| R | ↓ | |||||||
| --Angular gyrus | L | |||||||
| (40) | R | ↓ | ||||||
| --Supramarginal | L | ↑ | ||||||
| (39) | R | |||||||
| Temporal lobe | Sup temporal gyrus | L | ↓ | |||||
| (38) | R | ↑ | ||||||
| --Temporal pole - sup temporal gyrus | L | |||||||
| (38) | R | ↑ | ||||||
| Mid temporal gyrus | L | ↓ | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ||
| (21) | R | |||||||
| --Temporal pole - mid temporal gyrus | L | ↓ | ||||||
| (38) | R | |||||||
| Inf temporal gyrus | L | ↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | |||
| (20) | R | |||||||
| Fusiform gyrus | L | ↑ | ||||||
| (37) | R | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||
| Medial temporal | L | |||||||
| (28) | R | ↑ | ||||||
| Occipital lobe | Sup occipital gyrus | L | ↓ | ↑ | ||||
| R | ||||||||
| Mid occipital gyrus | L | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| R | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| Inf occipital gyrus | L | |||||||
| R | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||
| Occipital lobe | Cuneus | L | ↓ | |||||
| R | ↓ | ↓ | ||||||
| Lingual gyrus | L | |||||||
| R | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| Insula | Insular cortex | L | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||
| (13&14) | R | ↑ | ||||||
| Limbic system | Amygdala | L | ||||||
| R | ||||||||
| Ant cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||
| (32) | R | |||||||
| Mid cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | ||||||
| R | ||||||||
| Post cingulate cortex | L | |||||||
| (23,31) | R | |||||||
| Parahippocampal gyrus | L | ↑ | ||||||
| R | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||
| Ganglia | Caudate | L | ↓ (19)b | ↓ | ||||
| R | ↓ | |||||||
| Claustrum | L | |||||||
| R | ||||||||
| Lentiform (Putamen and pallidum) | L | ↓ (7)b | ↓ (11)b | |||||
| R | ↑ (10)b | |||||||
| Diencephalon | Thalamus | L | ↑ (5)b | |||||
| R | ↑ (11)b | |||||||
| Brain stem | Midbrain | |||||||
| Pons | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||
Numbers in parenthesis following the brain region name represent the Brodmann areas belonging to this region. Only Brodmann areas with difference are listed in this table.
Due to the small size of ganglia and thalamus themselves, brain regions with difference smaller than 10 voxel or less than 10% of the located cluster are listed as well, with the actual voxel size shown in the following parenthesis.
EPS, epigastric pain syndrome; PDS, postprandial distress syndrome; MIX, mixed type; HS, healthy subjects; L, left; R, right.
Only the brain regions with a difference larger than 20 voxel or larger than 10% of the located cluster are listed in this table. The up arrow ↑ indicates that the former group has stronger regional brain activity than the latter group (P < 0.05), and the down arrow ↓ indicates the opposite (P < 0.05). The up and down arrows (↑↓) together in some brain regions indicate that in several voxels of this region the former group has stronger regional brain activity than the latter (P < 0.05), whereas in the other voxels of this region the former has weaker activity than the latter (P < 0.05).