Table 1. Characteristics of Participants at Visits 1 to 4.
| Characteristic | Visit 1 | Visit 2 | Visit 3 | Visit 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 15 680 | 14 288 | 12 750 | 11 553 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 54 (6) | 57 (6) | 60 (6) | 63 (6) |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||
| Women | 8656 (55.2) | 7911 (55.4) | 7086 (55.6) | 6457 (56.0) |
| Men | 7026 (44.8) | 6377 (44.6) | 5664 (44.4) | 5096 (44.1) |
| African American, No. (%) | 4218 (26.9) | 3535 (24.7) | 2914 (22.9) | 2612 (22.6) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27 (5) | 28 (5) | 29 (6) | 29 (6) |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 1858 (11.9) | 2149 (15.1) | 1960 (15.5) | 1920 (14.9) |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 5451 (34.9) | 5131 (36.0) | 5197 (41.0) | 5492 (47.8) |
| Smoking, No. (%) | 4099 (26.2) | 3199 (22.4) | 2258 (17.7) | 1704 (14.9) |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 121 (19) | 122 (19) | 125 (19) | 128 (19) |
| Diastolic | 74 (11) | 72 (10) | 72 (11) | 71 (10) |
| Heart rate, mean (SD), bpm | 67 (10) | 66 (10) | 66 (10) | 63 (10) |
| eGFR<60 mL/min, No. (%) | 461 (3.0) | 690 (4.8) | NA | 954 (8.3) |
| β-Blocker, No. (%) | 1646 (10.5) | 1421 (9.9) | 1361 (10.7) | 1481 (12.8) |
| Calcium antagonist, No. (%) | 538 (3.4) | 1028 (7.2) | 1486 (11.7) | 1520 (13.2) |
| Digoxin, No. (%) | 248 (1.6) | 280 (2.0) | 287 (2.3) | 287 (2.5) |
| Atrial fibrillation, No. (%) | 28 (0.2) | 57 (0.4) | 72 (0.6) | 86 (0.7) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NA, not available.