Table 2. Prostate Cancer–Specific and All-Cause Mortality in the Single Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Testing Intervention Group vs Standard Practice (Control).
| Intervention Group (n = 189 386)a | Control Group (n = 219 439)b | Rate Difference/1000 Person-Years (95% CI) | Rate Ratio (95% CI)c | P Value | Rate Ratio (95% CI)d | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Deaths |
Rate/1000 Person-Years (95% CI) | No. of Deaths |
Rate/1000 Person-Years (95% CI) | ||||||
| Primary Outcome: Prostate Cancer Mortalitye | |||||||||
| Intention-to-screen cohort | 549 | 0.30 (0.27 to 0.32) | 647 | 0.31 (0.29 to 0.33) | −0.013 (−0.047 to 0.022) | 0.96 (0.85 to 1.08) | .50 | 0.93 (0.67 to 1.29) | .66 |
| Secondary Outcome: All-Cause Mortality | |||||||||
| Intention-to-screen cohort | 25 459 | 13.74 (13.57 to 13.91) | 28 306 | 13.51 (13.35 to 13.67) | 0.229 (−0.001 to 0.460) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.03) | .49 | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) | .35 |
a
There were 1 853 167 person-years, calculated as the time until death or censoring.
b
There were 2 095 405 person-years, calculated as the time until death or censoring.
c
Likelihood ratio test of the null hypothesis (ie, no difference in prostate cancer mortality between the groups) adjusted for randomization cluster and age stratum.
d
Analysis to obtain the causal effect of screening among those attending the PSA testing clinic using a generalized method of moments estimator with random allocation as an instrumental variable.
e
Defined as definite, probable, or intervention-related prostate cancer death as determined by an independent cause of death committee.