Table 2.
Hazard ratio (HR) for unemployment (>90 days) according to baseline symptoms of anxiety and depression, chronic somatic conditions, musculoskeletal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, insomnia, self-rated health, alcohol consumption and problematic use of alcohol (CAGE)
|
Model 1
a |
Model 2
b,c |
Model 3
d |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Anxiety and depression (HADS) | ||||||
| No symptoms (78%) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Anxiety only (12%) | 1.23 | 1.10-1.38 | 1.29 | 1.06-1.34 | 1.13 | 1.01-1.27 |
| Depression only (3%) | 1.33 | 1.08-1.63 | 1.25 | 1.01-1.55 | 1.20 | 0.98-1.49 |
| Anxiety and depression (7%) | 1.87 | 1.62-2.16 | 1.72 | 1.48-1.99 | 1.57 | 1.35-1.83 |
| Chronic somatic conditions | ||||||
| 0 (54%) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 1 (32%) | 1.20 | 1.10-1.29 | 1.19 | 1.10-1.30 | 1.17 | 1.07-1.27 |
| 2 (10%) | 1.31 | 1.16-1.49 | 1.30 | 1.15-1.48 | 1.29 | 1.13-1.46 |
| ≥3 (4%) | 1.93 | 1.60-2.32 | 1.86 | 1.53-2.26 | 1.78 | 1.46-2.17 |
| Musculoskeletal pain | ||||||
| No symptoms (37%) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 1 symptom (37%) | 1.08 | 0.99-1.18 | 1.05 | 0.96-1.14 | 1.05 | 0.96-1.15 |
| 2 symptoms (11%) | 0.99 | 0.88-1.12 | 0.98 | 0.86-1.12 | 0.97 | 0.85-1.10 |
| ≥3 symptoms (15%) | 1.13 | 1.01-1.27 | 1.07 | 0.94-1.19 | 1.03 | 0.91-1.15 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | ||||||
| No (46%) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Yes (54%) | 1.25 | 1.16-1.34 | 1.20 | 1.12-1.30 | 1.17 | 1.08-1.26 |
| Insomnia | ||||||
| Not frequent (81%) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Frequent (19%) | 1.37 | 1.25-1.50 | 1.27 | 1.15-1.40 | 1.19 | 1.09-1.32 |
| Self-rated health | ||||||
| Good/very good (82%) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Poor/not so good (18%) | 1.51 | 1.37-1.66 | 1.43 | 1.29-1.58 | 1.36 | 1.24-1.51 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| 1–4 (59%) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Teetotaller (5%) | 1.02 | 0.86-1.20 | 1.16 | 0.98-1.37 | 1.11 | 0.93-1.32 |
| 0 (but not teetotaller) (22%) | 1.07 | 0.98-1.18 | 1.09 | 0.99-1.20 | 1.07 | 0.97-1.17 |
| 5–8 (11%) | 1.13 | 0.99-1.27 | 1.09 | 0.96-1.23 | 1.08 | 0.95-1.22 |
| >8 (3%) | 1.09 | 1.00-1.51 | 1.20 | 0.98-1.48 | 1.17 | 0.95-1.44 |
| CAGE (problematic use of alcohol) | ||||||
| No (87%) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Yes (13%) | 1.43 | 1.27-1.59 | 1.37 | 1.22-1.54 | 1.32 | 1.17-1.48 |
Notes: Total N = 36 249 with a maximum of 3065 unemployment episodes (failures). Percentage of unemployment episodes given in parenthesis. Complete case analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Total N in the analyses varies according to missing values on exposures.
a: Adjusted for gender, age, education and marital status.
b: Adjusted for gender, age, education, marital status, physical activity, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption.
c: Model 2 with CAGE as exposure exclude alcohol consumption as adjustment variable.
d: Same as Model 2 + additional adjustment for accumulated days of previous unemployment (1992 to baseline).