Figure 3.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)- and T2*-MRI of the macaque placenta. Correlation between blood flow (A) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD, B; Schabel et al. 2016) contrast is demonstrated with images from a rhesus macaque on gestation day 110 (GD 110) during a single MRI session. Blood flow data from DCE-MRI are super-imposed on the T2w image in A. C summarizes the decreased total placental blood flow in animals consuming 1.5 mg ethanol/kg/d during the first 60 days of gestation (FASD) compared to controls (CON, P < .01). Ethanol-treated macaques also had a smaller fraction of large T2* values than controls, demonstrating decreased fetal oxygen availability at GD60. Adapted from (Lo et al. 2017).