Table 2.
Effects of lycopene on ovarian cancer prevention in laying hens
| Item | Lycopene dose (mg/kg of diet) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| 0 | 200 | 400 | ||
| Tumor incidence (n) | 20/50 (40.0)a | 17/50 (34.0)a | 7/50 (14.0)b | < 0.010 (χ2 = 8.94) |
| 0 | 30/50 (60.0) | 33/50 (66.0) | 43/50 (86.0) | |
| 1 | 16/50 (32.0) | 17/50 (34.0) | 7/50 (14.0) | |
| >1 | 4/50 (8.0) | 0/50 (0) | 0/50 (0) | |
| Number of tumor | 0.48 ± 0.09a | 0.34 ± 0.07ab | 0.14 ± 0.05b | < 0.004 |
| Size (mm) | 6.64 ± 1.51a | 3.98 ± 0.93ab | 1.56 ± 0.59b | < 0.005 |
| Serous carcinoma | < 0.03 (χ2 = 7.00) | |||
| Number of incidence | 14/50a | 12/50a | 4/50b | |
| % of incidence | 28 | 24 | 8 | |
| % of reduction in incidence | - | 14 | 71 | |
| Mucinous carcinoma | < 0.576 (χ2 = 1.10) | |||
| Number of incidence | 6/50 | 5/50 | 3/50 | |
| % of incidence | 12 | 10 | 6 | |
| % of reduction in incidence | - | 17 | 50 | |
Values are presented as number/total number (persentage), mean ± SE, or persentage only from a 450-day animal experimentation.
a,b
Percent or means in the same line without a common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05).