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. 2018 Mar 30;23(1):25–36. doi: 10.15430/JCP.2018.23.1.25

Table 2.

Effects of lycopene on ovarian cancer prevention in laying hens

Item Lycopene dose (mg/kg of diet) P-value

0 200 400
Tumor incidence (n) 20/50 (40.0)a 17/50 (34.0)a 7/50 (14.0)b < 0.010 (χ2 = 8.94)
 0 30/50 (60.0) 33/50 (66.0) 43/50 (86.0)
 1 16/50 (32.0) 17/50 (34.0) 7/50 (14.0)
 >1 4/50 (8.0) 0/50 (0) 0/50 (0)
Number of tumor 0.48 ± 0.09a 0.34 ± 0.07ab 0.14 ± 0.05b < 0.004
Size (mm) 6.64 ± 1.51a 3.98 ± 0.93ab 1.56 ± 0.59b < 0.005
Serous carcinoma < 0.03 (χ2 = 7.00)
 Number of incidence 14/50a 12/50a 4/50b
 % of incidence 28 24 8
 % of reduction in incidence - 14 71
Mucinous carcinoma < 0.576 (χ2 = 1.10)
 Number of incidence 6/50 5/50 3/50
 % of incidence 12 10 6
 % of reduction in incidence - 17 50

Values are presented as number/total number (persentage), mean ± SE, or persentage only from a 450-day animal experimentation.

a,b

Percent or means in the same line without a common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05).