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. 2018 Apr 5;13(4):e0195345. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195345

Table 4. Selected putative phytopathogenic or plant beneficial fungal genera.

Genera ITS pre-crop tillage fertili-zation pre-crop x tillage pre-crop x fertilization tillage x fertilization
within within within within within within within within within within within within
M R MP CT M R int ext MP CT int ext
Wheat pathogens
Fusarium ITS1 - - - CT CT - R int - - R -
p = 0.005 p<0.001 p = 0.008 p<0.001 p = 0.003
ITS2 M CT int - - -
p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.001
Gaeumanno-myces1 ITS1† - - int - R - - -
p = 0.007 p = 0.003
Mycosphaerella1 ITS1 R - - - - -
p<0.001
Rhizoctonia ITS1 - - ext - - -
p<0.001
Stagonospora ITS1 - - - CT - - M - -
p = 0.001 p<0.001
ITS2† - - - CT - - M - -
p<0.001 p<0.001
Rapeseed pathogens
Phoma ITS1 - - - - MP R - - -
p<0.001 p<0.001
Verticillium ITS1 R CT - - - -
p<0.001 p = 0.001
ITS2 R CT - - - -
p = 0.004 p<0.001
Botryotinia1 ITS1 R - - - - -
p<0.001
Plant beneficial fungi
Trichoderma ITS1 M - - - - -
p<0.001
ITS2 - - - - - -
Coniothyrium1 ITS1 R - ext - - -
p = 0.014 p = 0.006
Yeast-like Heterobasidiomycetes, mycoparasites with Colacosomes
Leucosporidiella ITS1 R - - - - -
p = 0.002
ITS2 - - - - CT - R - -
p = 0.013 p = 0.003
Rhodotorula ITS1 R MP - - - -
p<0.001 p<0.001
ITS2 - MP - - - -
p<0.001
Glomeromycota, plant endosymbiotic fungi
Ambispora ITS1 M - int - - -
p = 0.004 p<0.001
ITS2 M - int - - -
p = 0.001 p<0.001
Archaeospora1 ITS1 M CT - - - -
p<0.001 p = 0.004
Diversispora ITS1 M - - - - -
p<0.001
ITS2 M - ext - - -
p<0.001 p<0.001
Entrophospora ITS1 M MP - - - -
p<0.001 p = 0.01
ITS2 - - - - MP - M - -
p<0.001 p = 0.008
Funneliformis ITS1 - - ext MP - M - - -
p<0.001 p = 0.002 p<0.001
ITS2 M - ext - - -
p<0.001 p = 0.003
Glomus ITS1‡ M - - - - ext - CT -
p<0.001 p<0.001 p = 0.002
ITS2‡ M - - - - ext - CT -
p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.001
Paraglomus2 ITS2† - - int MP - M - - -
p = 0.003 p<0.001 p<0.020
Rhizophagus ITS1† M - - - - -
p<0.001
ITS2 - - - - ext - - M -
p = 0.019 p = 0.003
Septoglomus ITS1 M - - - - -
p<0.001
ITS2 M - - - - -
p = 0.041

Potential phytopathogens have been selected according to long-term visible observations in the field trial. Additionally, putative plant beneficial fungi, prominent biocontrol agents, mycoparasites and plant endosymbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) were selected (1only detectable in the ITS1 and 2only detectable in the ITS2 dataset). M (maize as pre-crop in winter wheat 1); R (rapeseed as pre-crop in winter wheat 2); MP–mould-board plough; CT–cultivator; int–intensive, ext–extensive N fertilization. Significance values describe enhanced fungal abundances. Significance levels are precise in case of response to only one factor; in case of more influencing factors the significance level of each comparison is given. Values in bold show the factor or the combination of factors with the highest difference between means and represent the highest effect per genus and ITS region.

† Normality test failed (p<0.050).

‡ Equal Variance test (Brown-Forsythe) failed (p<0.050). No significant differences were detected (-).